Hepatic Stellate Cells: Unique Characteristics in Cell Biology and Phenotype

Sato, Mitsuru; Suzuki, Shinsuke; Senoo, Haruki

doi:10.1247/csf.28.105

Cited by 263 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…When activated, they lose these droplets and acquire morphological and phenotypic feature characteristics of myofibroblasts, including the expression of smooth muscle actin [20]. Activation of stellate cells occurs upon liver damage [21,22]. They also become activated in monolayer cultures but remain quiescent when cultured on collagen gel [21].…”

Section: Hepatic Stellate Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematopoietic Microenvironment in the Fetal Liver: Roles of Different Cell Populations

Payushina

2012

ISRN Cell Biology

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Hematopoiesis is the main function of the liver during a considerable period of mammalian prenatal development. Hematopoietic cells of the fetal liver exist in a specific microenvironment that controls their proliferation and differentiation. This microenvironment is created by different cell populations, including epitheliocytes, macrophages, various stromal elements (hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells), and also cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This paper considers the involvement of these cell types in the regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis.

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Section: Hepatic Stellate Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematopoietic Microenvironment in the Fetal Liver: Roles of Different Cell Populations

Payushina

2012

ISRN Cell Biology

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“…A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the viability and phenotype of HSC will help to advance this goal because the reversibility of hepatic fibrosis appears to hinge upon the elimination of activated HSC. 2 HSC are thought to be fibroblastic mesenchymal cells 3,4 based upon their robust induction of asmooth muscle actin (a-SMA), matrix molecules, and matrix metalloproteinases during activation. 5 However, these cells also exhibit many neuroendocrine features, including the expression of synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neural cell adhesion molecule, nestin, 6 neurotrophins, 7 dopamine-b-hydroxylase (DBH), and tyrosine hydroxylase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 These features have prompted speculation that HSC might be derived from neural precursors during development. 3 Recent research demonstrates overlap between the signals that regulate the fates of neural and myofibroblastic cells within the gastrointestinal tract. In vertebrate embryos, enteric neural crest cells migrate and colonize the gut, where they proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role for Hedgehog signaling in hepatic stellate cell activation and viability

Sicklick

Choi

et al. 2005

Laboratory Investigation

171

150

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Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) have a complex phenotype that includes both neural and myofibroblastic features. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been shown to direct the fate of neural and myofibroblastic cells during embryogenesis and during tissue remodeling in adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that Hh signaling may regulate the fate of HSC in adults. In this study, we find that freshly isolated stellate cells from adult PatchedlacZ transgenic mice exhibit b-galactosidase activity, indicating Hh pathway activity. Transcripts of Hh ligands, the Hh pathway receptor, and Hh-regulated transcription factors are expressed by stellate cells from mice, rats, and humans. Transfection experiments in a cell line using a Hh-inducible luciferase reporter demonstrate constitutive Hh pathway activity. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies to Hh increase apoptosis, while viability is restored by treatment with Hh ligand. In vitro treatment of primary stellate cells with cyclopamine (Cyc), a pharmacologic inhibitor of the Hh pathway, inhibits activation and slightly decreases cell survival, while a single injection of Cyc into healthy adult mice reduces activation of HSC by more than 50% without producing obvious liver damage. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism, namely the Hh pathway, that regulates the activation and viability of HSC.

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“…The stellate cells are distributed in the space between the sinusoidal endothelial cells and the hepatic parenchymal cells and contain characteristically a number of lipid droplets that store retinol in the form of retinyl esters (Higashi and Senoo, 2003;Sato et al, 2003). These lipid droplets emit retinol autofluorescence under a fluorescence microscope and are stained black by the gold chloride method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A distribution and content in tissues of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica

et al. 2004

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Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl ester) distribution and content in tissues of a lamprey (Lampetra japonica) were analyzed by morphological methods, namely, gold chloride staining, fluorescence microscopy to detect specific vitamin A autofluorescence, and electron microscopy, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hepatic stellate cells showed an abundance of vitamin A stored in lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Similar cells storing vitamin A were present in the intestine, kidney, gill, and heart in both female and male lampreys. Morphological data obtained by gold chloride staining method, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and HPLC quantification of retinol were consistent. The highest level of total retinol measured by HPLC was found in the intestine. The second and third highest concentrations of vitamin A were found in the liver and the kidney, respectively. These vitamin A-storing cells were not epithelial cells, but mesoderm-derived cells. We propose as a hypothesis that these cells belong to the stellate cell system (family) that stores vitamin A and regulates homeostasis of the vitamin in the whole body in the lamprey. Fibroblastic cells in the skin and somatic muscle stored little vitamin A. These results indicate that there is difference in the vitamin A-storing capacity between the splanchnic and intermediate mesoderm-derived cells (stellate cells) and somatic and dorsal mesoderm-derived cells (fibroblasts) in the lamprey. Stellate cells derived from the splanchnic and intermediate mesoderm have high capacity and fibroblasts derived from the somatic and dorsal mesoderm have low capacity for the storage of vitamin A in the lamprey.

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Hepatic Stellate Cells: Unique Characteristics in Cell Biology and Phenotype

Cited by 263 publications

References 63 publications

Hematopoietic Microenvironment in the Fetal Liver: Roles of Different Cell Populations

Hematopoietic Microenvironment in the Fetal Liver: Roles of Different Cell Populations

Role for Hedgehog signaling in hepatic stellate cell activation and viability

Vitamin A distribution and content in tissues of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica

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