Hepatitis A Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — Eight U.S. States, 2017–2018

Foster, Monique A.; Hofmeister, Megan G.; Albertson, Justin; Brown, Kerri; Burakoff, Alexis; Gandhi, Ami; Glenn-Finer, Rosie; Gounder, Prabhu; Ho, Po-Yi; Kavanaugh, Tracy; Latash, Julia; Lewis, Robyn; Longmire, Atkinson G.; Myrick-West, Angela; Perella, Dana; Reddy, Vasudha; Stanislawski, Emma S; Stoltey, Juliet; Sullivan, Susan M.; Utah, Okey; Zipprich, Jennifer; Teshale, Eyasu H.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…One strain had been previously described in a large outbreak affecting MSM in 2015 in Taiwan [64,65]. Further outbreaks involving the same lineage and affecting MSM were also reported in the USA and Latin America [66,67]. Worldwide spread of the same strains among the homosexual community highlights the prevalence of international networking in this population and the role of travel in virus dissemination.…”

Section: Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm)mentioning

confidence: 88%

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Migueres

Lhomme

Izopet

2021

Viruses

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The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. It is transmitted mainly by direct contact with patients who have been infected or by ingesting contaminated water or food. The virus is endemic in low-income countries where sanitary and sociodemographic conditions are poor. Paradoxically, improving sanitary conditions in these countries, which reduces the incidence of HAV infections, can lead to more severe disease in susceptible adults. The populations of developed countries are highly susceptible to HAV, and large outbreaks can occur when the virus is spread by globalization and by increased travel and movement of foodstuffs. Most of these outbreaks occur among high-risk groups: travellers, men who have sex with men, people who use substances, and people facing homelessness. Hepatitis A infections can be prevented by vaccination; safe and effective vaccines have been available for decades. Several countries have successfully introduced universal mass vaccination for children, but high-risk groups in high-income countries remain insufficiently protected. The development of HAV antivirals may be important to control HAV outbreaks in developed countries where a universal vaccination programme is not recommended.

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Section: Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm)mentioning

confidence: 88%

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Migueres

Lhomme

Izopet

2021

Viruses

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“…Person-to-person transmission through sexual contact or sharing drugs with others can greatly spread HAV infection [ 41 , 42 ]. The HAV outbreak has been associated with men who had sex with men (MSM) or who had oral-anal sexual contact [ 43 ].…”

Section: Modes Of Infection and Possible Source(s) Of Dual Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Infection of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus— What Is Known?

Sayed

2023

Viruses

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Viral hepatitis is an infection of human hepatocytes resulting in liver damage. Dual infection of two hepatotropic viruses affects disease outcomes. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are two enterically transmitted viruses; they are positive single-stranded RNA viruses and have common modes of transmission. They are transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route and ingestion of contaminated food, though the HAV has no animal reservoirs. The HAV and HEV cause acute self-limiting disease; however, the HEV, but not HAV, can progress to chronic and extrahepatic infections. The HAV/HEV dual infection was reported among acute hepatitis patients present in developing countries. The impact of the HAV/HEV on the prognosis for acute hepatitis is not completely understood. Studies showed that the HAV/HEV dual infection increased abnormalities in the liver leading to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) with a higher mortality rate compared to infection with a single virus. On the other hand, other reports showed that the clinical symptoms of the HAV/HEV dual infection were comparable to symptoms associated with the HAV or HEV monoinfection. This review highlights the modes of transmission, the prevalence of the HAV/HEV dual infection in various countries and among several study subjects, the possible outcomes of this dual infection, potential model systems for studying this dual infection, and methods of prevention of this dual infection and its associated complications.

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“…Hepatitis A has disproportionately affected MSM, including people living with HIV infection and persons receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Over the past three decades, outbreaks occurred among MSM communities across the world [8][9][10][11][12]. Sexual practices and other behaviors (e.g., substance abuse) that enable faecal-oral transmission are associated with the increased number of cases of HAV infection detected in this group [7,8,10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past three decades, outbreaks occurred among MSM communities across the world [8][9][10][11][12]. Sexual practices and other behaviors (e.g., substance abuse) that enable faecal-oral transmission are associated with the increased number of cases of HAV infection detected in this group [7,8,10,12]. The transmission of HAV during sex may occur through direct oral-anal (as rimming), digital-anal (as fingering and fisting) and genital-oral (anal sex followed by fellatio) contact, or indirect route by sharing sex toys [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with hepatitis A susceptibility among men who have sex with men using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Northeastern Brazil: A cross-sectional study

Vechi,

Bay,

Freitas

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has disproportionately affected more men who have sex with men (MSM), occurring in outbreaks, despite being vaccine-preventable. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with HAV susceptibility among cisgender MSM on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Northeastern Brazil. From September 30, 2021 to June 19, 2023, 282 cisgender MSM receiving HIV PrEP were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. Blood samples were collected for screening of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and serum samples were tested for IgM and total anti-HAV antibodies. Non-reactive results for total anti-HAV antibodies were found in 106 of 282 (37.6%) participants. Factors associated with HAV susceptibility included age <30 years (prevalence ratio [PR]: 2.02; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.61–2.53), having health insurance (PR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.19–1.64), sex only with cisgender men (PR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.23–1.89), non-steady partner (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.43) and no lifetime history of STIs (PR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.53). Identifying clinical correlates of HAV susceptibility in key populations is a fundamental step towards development of public policy focused on prevention, especially following the recent hepatitis A outbreak in Brazil.

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Hepatitis A Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — Eight U.S. States, 2017–2018

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Dual Infection of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus— What Is Known?

Factors associated with hepatitis A susceptibility among men who have sex with men using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Northeastern Brazil: A cross-sectional study

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