Hepatitis and Copper Accumulation in Skye Terriers

Haywood, S.; Rutgers, H. C.; Christian, Mark

doi:10.1177/030098588802500602

Cited by 99 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…10 Hepatic copper concentrations range from 800 to 2,200 g/g dwl (mean, 1,860 g/g), found predominantly in zone 3. Intracanalicular cholestasis is evident on histopathology and is thought to account for the zone 3 copper distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper‐Associated Liver Disease in Dalmatians: A Review of 10 Dogs (1998–2001)

Webb

Twedt

Meyer³

2002

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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This retrospective study summarizes 10 Dalmatians suspected of having hepatic copper toxicosis. Hepatic copper toxicosis can result from either a primary metabolic defect in hepatic copper metabolism or from altered hepatic biliary excretion of copper. An inherited copper-associated hepatopathy has been documented in Bedlington Terriers, and there is evidence for familial copperassociated liver disease in West Highland White (WHW) Terriers and Skye Terriers. Nine of the 10 Dalmatians in this study presented for gastrointestinal clinical signs, including anorexia and vomiting. All animals had increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, and 9 of 10 had increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity. The relative increase in ALT activity was much greater than the relative increase in ALP activity, suggesting a predominantly hepatocellular rather than cholestatic liver disease. The mean hepatic copper concentration for 9 Dalmatians was 3,197 g/g dry weight liver (dwl) (normal, Ͻ450 g/g). In 5 of these 9 dogs, hepatic copper concentrations exceeded 2,000 g/g dwl. Necroinflammatory alterations associated with copper-laden parenchymal cells were the notable histopathologic finding. The inflammatory infiltrate was either primarily lymphocytic or neutrophilic. Morphologic features of cholestasis generally were not prominent except in those dogs with severe pathology. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that a primary metabolic defect in hepatic copper metabolism occurs in the Dalmatian breed. The mechanism and genetic basis of this condition require further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper‐Associated Liver Disease in Dalmatians: A Review of 10 Dogs (1998–2001)

Webb

Twedt

Meyer³

2002

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Copper toxicosis in some dog breeds arouses interest of many scientists due to its specific pathogenesis and numerous similarities to the storage diseases observed in human beings, such as Wilson's disease [2,5]. Up till now the hereditary copper toxicosis has been diagnosed, among others, in Bedlington terriers, Skye terriers, West highland white terriers, Dalmatians, Dobermanns and Retrievers [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Genetic studies in the Bedlington terriers identified COMMD1 gene which plays an important role in copper metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence between Cu concentration in the liver, kidneys and skeletal muscles of canine females

2012

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Abstract:The aim of the investigations was the determination of the Cu contents in the liver, kidneys and skeletal muscles of canine females.Material for research was collected post mortem from 45 animals aged 1 to 18 years coming from the Warsaw area. The effect of the health state, age and life conditions on the distribution of copper in the investigated organs was estimated. That element was determined using the method of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In the liver, the average Cu contents amounted to 24.04 mg kg -1 wet weight, in kidneys to 2.90 mg kg -1 wet weight and in muscles to 0.94 mg kg -1 wet weight. The highest values of copper content in particular tissues and organs were noted in the group of animals with neoplastic changes. In respect to the animal age the highest mean values of the copper content were noted in the oldest animals. They amounted to 30.97 mg kg -1 in the liver, 3.34 mg kg -1 in kidneys and 1.18 mg kg -1 wet weight in muscles. Considering life conditions of the dogs it was observed that the higher mean values in all the investigated organs occurred in dogs coming from the urban areas.

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“…A pattern of fibrosis similar to that in humans frequently occurs in domestic animals [20,25], such as in the case of biliary disease, copper poisoning, pyrrolidine alkaloid poisoning and congestion of the hepatic vein [20,25]. In dogs, copper-associated hepatitis in Bedlington terriers and chronic hepatitis in Doberman pinscher have been reported many times [8,20,27,28,31]. Copper-associated hepatitis is observed as centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis and periacinar fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Accumulation of copper and iron observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in some cases has been described in LDH [32]. Although the cytoplasmic accumulation of copper indicates the possibility of copper-related liver disease, copper was not always observed in all samples and the central lobules [3,8,26,27,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluations of Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis in American Cocker Spaniel Dogs

Mizooku

Kagawa²,

Matsuda

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of lobular dissecting hepatitis (LDH) were performed in nine American cocker spaniel dogs. Histological examination showed diffuse fibrosis with weak inflammatory reaction of extensive neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the myofibroblastic cells positive for anti-α-smooth muscle actin and anti-vimentin antibodies produced reticular and collagen fibers and brought about the dissection of hepatic cords and diffuse disappearance of hepatocytes. Reticular fibers invading between hepatocytes and the surrounding small group of hepatocytes were strongly positive for anti-collagen type III and anti-collagen type IV antibodies. The positivity to anti-fibronectin and anti-laminin antibodies was frequently continuous on the basement membrane of the sinusoids of the remaining hepatic cords and between the hepatocytes. Positive findings for anti-E-cadherin antibody were not observed between the hepatocytes showing positive findings for anti-collagen type III and anti-collagen type IV antibodies. These results may explain the expression of fibronectin and laminin that occurs prior to the invasion of reticular fibers between hepatocytes. The present study further suggests that expression of an extracellular matrix mainly containing fibronectin and laminin between the hepatocytes and proliferation of collagen fibers and reticular fibers have a major role in the rupture of the hepatic cords and disappearance of hepatocytes.

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Hepatitis and Copper Accumulation in Skye Terriers

Cited by 99 publications

References 10 publications

Copper‐Associated Liver Disease in Dalmatians: A Review of 10 Dogs (1998–2001)

Copper‐Associated Liver Disease in Dalmatians: A Review of 10 Dogs (1998–2001)

Dependence between Cu concentration in the liver, kidneys and skeletal muscles of canine females

Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluations of Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis in American Cocker Spaniel Dogs

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