Abstract. Livers of nine related Skye terriers with liver disease were evaluated for histological changes and copper content. Lesions ranged from hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis (zone 3) with intracanalicular cholestasis and mild inflammation, to chronic hepatitis with cholangioplasia and cirrhosis. Excess copper (80 1-2,257 pg/g) was related to the severity of cholestasis. Skye terrier hepatitis is a distinct disease entity and may be derived from a disorder of intracellular bile metabolism culminating in disturbed bile secretion and the accumulation of copper.

This article examines a controversial report that focused negatively on mixed heritage children born and raised in the city of Liverpool. The official title was: Report on an Investigation into the Colour Problem in Liverpool and other ports. The social researcher was Muriel E. Fletcher, who had been trained in the Liverpool School of Social Science at The University of Liverpool in the early 1920s. The report was published in 1930 amid controversy for its openly stigmatizing content of children and mixed heritage families of African and European origin. It could be deemed the official outset in defining Liverpool's 'half castes' as a problem and blight to the "British way of life" in the city.

This article examines Black settlement in the United Kingdom in relation to the experience of Black male exclusion in the British education system. The time frame covers the post-World War II era and the subsequent Enoch Powell era that manifested in anti-Black discrimination throughout British society in the 1960s to mid-1970s. During this period, people of color in British schools, particularly males of African Caribbean heritage, were experiencing poor results in terms of gaining education qualifications. A major contention is that one cannot divorce the broader anti-Black political sentiment from the British education system; the two are interwoven when it comes to understanding the plight of Black British school children in historical and contemporary times

This article engages the idea of White supremacy and its ideological companion, racism, from the standpoint of critical analysis. What this article seeks to do is to reveal the nature of White supremacy as it has operated in the United States and in the United Kingdom. Using an African-centered paradigm, the article demonstrates that the existence of White supremacy marginalizes African people within both societies. Only by utilizing an agency analysis where Africans see themselves as subjects can White supremacy be overcome.White nationalism was the basis of [European] slavery, and eventually, when slavery reached a saturation point, white nationalism invented another form of slavery called colonialism. And after colonialism they computerized colonialism with a form of racism.- Clarke (1991, p. 268) Throughout the last four and a half centuries, racism and white supremacy have continually threatened the existence of African people before, during, and after enslavement. These threats have forced Africans to modify their beliefs, thoughts, and behavior in order to survive on a planet where they are regarded as "Third World" people. Those who now claim to be members of "First World" are actually late comers to the human family.