HEPATITIS B AND C; KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS AT RLMC AND AFFILIATED HOSPITALS (AMTH &amp; HLH)

Aim: To determine the frequency of findings of MRS in differentiating paediatric leukodystrophies in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 25thAugust 2018 to 24th February 2019. Methodology: A total of 110 individuals who were coming in for an MRI test and were either male or female, older than one month of age, and younger than 12 years of age, were chosen. A 3.0T MRI scanner equipped with MRS techniques was used for each scan. Axial T1 and T2 Weighted spin-echo, FLAIR, coronal, and sagittal T2 Weighted spin-echo images were all part of the MRI imaging protocol. During the same session, a single section multivoxel 2D chemical shift spectroscopy sequence was also carried out. In MRS, the metabolites that were detected in each of our patients were choline, creatine, lactate, N-acetyl aspartate, and myo-inositol. Data were examined utilizing SPSS 21. Results: The average age was 5.24±1.89 year. 56 (50.91%) of the 110 patients were male children, compared to 54 (49.09%) female children, for a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The following paediatric leukodystrophies were more often found with MRS in this study: Krabbes disease in 13 (11.82%), Canavan's disease in 19 (17.27%), Adrenoleukodystrophy in 41 (37.27%), Leigh disease in 25 (22.73%), and Metachromatic leukodystrophy in 12 (10.91%). Practical Implication: The underlying issue has recently been linked to mutations in the DARS2 gene, which codes for mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Conclusion: MRS, which is more affordable than other existing tests, should be utilized in every patient with clinical leukodystrophies. Keywords: Leukodystrophies, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS

“…The heath literacy is mandatory for any disease and facilitates the patients with resources, databases, and trainings about disease. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Differentiating Paediatric Leukodystrophies in Pakistani Population

RIAZ¹,

JAVED²,

Riaz³

et al. 2023

“…There are limited resources available: lack of access to medical and health resources to the patients about disease; limited knowledge and trainings, and awareness about disease. The trainings should be conducted to improve the health literacy and how to access the medical resources for patients in Pakistan [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Adverse Maternal Outcome in Early Onset Versus Delayed Onset Preeclampsia

Jehangir,

Salam,

Akhtar

et al. 2023

Aim: To determine the association of adverse maternal outcome with early onset preeclampsia than delayed onset preeclampsia. Study Design: Cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II, DHQ Hospital, Mirpur, AJK from 30th December 2020 to 29th June 2021. Methodology: A total of 60 (30 early onset pre-eclampsia and 30 delayed onset pre-eclampsia) females of age 18-40 years with parity <5, presenting at gestational age >24 weeks were included. Patients with chronic or gestational diabetes (BSR>186mg/dl), chronic hypertension (BP≥140/90mmHg), cardiac disease (on medical record), multiple gestation (on ultrasound), abnormal placenta (abruption, previa, accrete, increta, percreta on ultrasound) were excluded. Females were evaluated for eclampsia (BP>160/100mmHg along with convulsions), DIC, HELLP syndrome and avascular tubular necrosis by using blood samples and ultrasound findings. Results: The adverse maternal outcome i.e. eclampsia was recorded in 11 (36.67%) in exposed group (early onset pre-eclampsia) versus 04 (13.33%) in unexposed group (delayed onset pre-eclampsia) (p= 0.053; relative risk = 2.75), acute tubular necrosis was recorded in 05 (16.67%) in exposed group (early onset pre-eclampsia) while 00 (0.0%) in unexposed group (delayed onset pre-eclampsia) (p = 0.099; relative risk = 11.00), DIC was recorded in 03 (10.0%) versus 00 (0.0%) respectively (p= 0.192; relative risk = 7.00) and HELLP syndrome in 06 (20.0%) versus 00 (0.0%) respectively (p = 0.076; relative risk = 13.0). Practical Implication: We recommend that a proper protocol should be designed in these high risk patients for antenatal monitoring and proper management plans in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the mother and fetus. Conclusion: This study concluded that adverse maternal outcome is higher in early onset preeclampsia as compared to delayed onset preeclampsia. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Adverse Maternal Outcome, Eclampsia.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Sulphate Versus oral Nifedipine in Acute Tocolysis of Preterm Labour

Saleem¹,

Akram²,

Sabir³

et al. 2023

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulphate and oral nifedipine in acute tocolysis of preterm labor. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, DHQ Hospital, Mirpur from 19th October 2019 to 18th April 2020. Methodology: This study included 178 pregnant women with singletons (18 to 40 years of age) assessed through ultrasonography and presented preterm labor. Pregnant women having fetal growth restriction, fetal death, severe preeclampsia, fetal distress, hyperthyroidism,any maternal contraindication for the use of tocolytic drugs, cardiovascular disease, abruptio placentae or placenta-previa were placed in the seclusion criteria of the study. In the group A, oral loading dose of nifedipine 20mg was given. While in group B, magnesium sulphate was injected intravenously with a loading dose of 4 grams over 15 minutes followed by maintenance dose of 2-3 grams/hr. All patients in both groups were evaluated by the researcher herself for prolongation of pregnancy at 48 hours after the start of treatment and efficacy and safety was noted. Results: Efficacy was seen in 80 (89.89%) in group A (Oral nifedipine) and 67 (75.28%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) with p0.019. Safety was seen in 72 (80.90%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) and 83 (93.26%) in group A (oral nifedipine) with p 0.014. Practical Implication: The administration of corticosteroids and also assist in reducing mortality and morbidity related with preterm labor events. Conclusion: This study concluded that oral nifedipine is efficacious and safe than magnesium sulphate for acute tocolysis of preterm labour. Keywords: Tocolytic Agents, Preterm Birth, Magnesium Sulphate.