Hepatitis B and C: neglected diseases among health care workers in Cameroon

Fritzsche, Carlos; Becker, Frauke; Hemmer, Caroline; Riebold, D.; Klammt, Sebastian; Hufert, Frank T.; Akam, W; Kinge, Thompson; Reisinger, Erich

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trs087

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The said studies estimated the prevalence rates to be between 0.6% to 21%. In Egypt, the prevalence rate varies between 5.9% and 26.5% [16]. The rate recorded in our study could be due to the age group chosen, that is males aged below 25.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Thus, the specific median prevalence among subjects under 20 years was 1.3% (22 studies, range: 0% -11%), between 20 and 40 years was 3% (29 studies, range: 0% -28%), and among those over 40 years was 12% (29 studies, range: 0% -55%) [17]. This increase in prevalence with age indicates that the risk of HCV transmission increases over time, and is strongly linked to the use of inadequately sterilized reusable equipment [16]. The rate of co-infection with HBV and HCV in our study population was 0.05%, which is lower than the 0.21% reported by Fouelifack et al in a study conducted in 2012 among blood donors at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, and close to the result obtained by Noubiap et al (0.01%) in 2013 among blood donors in Edea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we found a significant difference in prevalence of HBV infection between regions, a difference which is due to the existence (in the North, Far North, and East Regions, as compared to the rest of the country) of risk factors outlined in the 2011 Demographic and Health and Multiple Indicator Survey (DHS-MICS). Such risk factors include: illiteracy, low level of exposure to the media, polygamy and multiple sex partners, ineffective use of condoms, lack of prenatal care, and the practice of some traditional rites and beliefs [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

Noah¹,

Andoulo²,

Essoh³

et al. 2015

OJGas

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Introduction: According to WHO estimates, 57% of cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of primary liver carcinoma are caused by a hepatitis B or C virus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these diseases and HIV among a young male population, according to region. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 17 February to 31 March 2014 in the ten administrative regions of Cameroon. The study included male subjects of Cameroonian nationality aged at least 18 and at most 23, and living in the regions concerned. It excluded subjects that did not match the age, gender, and nationality criteria. For each subject, 10 ml of blood was collected in a dry tube. After centrifugation at 3000 RPM for 5 minutes, the serum was collected for the detection of viral infections. For subjects that tested positive, a confirmatory test was conducted. Results: In total, 4367 subjects were selected, with an average age of 20.46 (+/− 1.17) years. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus stood at 13.01% (with 95% CI: 12.03% -14.05%). That of viral hepatitis C was 0.30% (95% CI: 0.17% -0.52%). Co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses was 0.05% (95% CI: 0.01% -0.18%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 1.01% (95% CI: 0.74% -1.36%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HBsAg in the population of young males is high. It tallies with the early vertical and horizontal modes of transmission that prevail in our environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

Noah¹,

Andoulo²,

Essoh³

et al. 2015

OJGas

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“…Of 237 healthcare workers tested in Cameroon, 6.3% were HBsAg-positive and 73.4% anti-HBc-positive, in accordance with the wide spread of HBV infection in this geographical area [60] . Seroprevalence studies conducted in Asia showed varying results.…”

Section: Studies On Hbv Infection In Healthcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity in healthcare workers reported in several studies published in the last three decades [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] range from 0.1% to 8.1% and from 6.2% to 73.4%, respectively, depending on the age of the subjects investigated, the spread of HBV infection in their country of origin and on the prevention strategies used by the healthcare workers (Table 1). Of 5813 healthcare workers tested in Italy in 1985, 21.5% were found to be anti-HBc-positive and 1.8% HBsAg-positive [65] .…”

Section: Studies On Hbv Infection In Healthcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Coppola

Pascalis

Onorato

et al. 2016

WJH

127

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Approximately 3 million healthcare workers per year receive an injury with an occupational instrument, with around 2000000 exposures to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 1000000 to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although an effective HBV vaccine has been available since the early eighties, and despite the worldwide application of universal vaccination programs started in the early nineties, HBV still remains a prominent agent of morbidity and mortality. There is no vaccine to limit the diffusion of HCV infection, which progresses to chronicity in the majority of cases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to a chronic liver disease. Healthcare workers are frequently exposed by a mucosal-cutaneous or percutaneous route to accidental contact with human blood and other potentially infectious biological materials while carrying out their occupational duties. Mucosal-cutaneous exposure occurs when the biological material of a potentially infected patient accidentally comes in contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes or mouth or with the skin of a healthcare worker. Percutaneous exposure occurs when an operator accidentally injures himself with a sharp contaminated object, like a needle, blade or other sharp medical instrument. About 75% of the total occupational exposure is percutaneous and 25% mucosal-cutaneous, the risk of infecting a healthcare worker being higher in percutaneous than in mucosal-cutaneous exposure. All healthcare workers should be considered for HBV vaccination and should meticulously apply the universal prophylactic measures to prevent exposure to HBV and HCV.

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Protecting health workers from nosocomial Hepatitis B infections: A review of strategies and challenges for implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Malewezi¹,

Omer²,

Mwagomba³

et al. 2016

JEGH

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The Sub-Saharan region has the highest Hepatitis B virus (HBV) rates, and health workers are at an increased risk of contracting nosocomial HBV infection. Vaccination of health workers plays a critical role in protecting them from sequelae of HBV; however, health-worker vaccination remains a challenge for many countries. This study was conducted to review practices/measures and challenges in the Sub-Saharan region relating to vaccination of health workers against HBV. We performed a literature review of articles addressing any aspect of HBV vaccination of health workers in the Sub-Saharan region sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, including a case study of Malawi policies and strategies in training institutions and facilities. Our findings indicated that HBV awareness and vaccination were relatively high, but vaccination rates were lower, with 4.6-64.4% of those "ever vaccinated" completing the vaccination regimen. There was also great variation in the proportion of health workers exhibiting natural immunity from previous exposure (positive for anti-Hepatitis B core antibodies; 41-92%). Commonly cited reasons for non-uptake of vaccine included cost, lack of awareness of vaccine availability, and inadequate information concerning the vaccine. Countries in this region will require locally relevant data to develop cost-effective strategies that maximize the benefit to their health workers due to the great diversity of HBV epidemiology in the region.

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Hepatitis B and C: neglected diseases among health care workers in Cameroon

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Protecting health workers from nosocomial Hepatitis B infections: A review of strategies and challenges for implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa

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