Hepatitis B Outbreak Among Chimpanzees at the London Zoo

The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Genome of a Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from a Naturally Infected Chimpanzee

“…It has been suggested that the chimpanzee responsible for infecting the colony may itself have been infected naturally in Africa (Zuckerman et al, 1978) and this may be the first reported complete sequence of an African isolate of the virus. Alternatively, the sequence divergence may in part represent adaptation of the human virus to a chimpanzee host as discussed above.…”

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus mutants

“…In 1978, the occurrence of naturally acquired hepatitis B infection in the colony of chimpanzees of the Zoological Society of London was reported [Zuckerman et al, 1978]. Ten years later the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of the strain of HBV cloned from the serum of one of the naturally infected chimpanzees was published [Vaudin et al, 1988].…”

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Wild-Born Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ): Phylogenetic Relationships with Human and Other Primate Genotypes

“…It is unclear whether nonhuman primates can be infected with HBV in the wild, as studies to date have used samples from captive animals exposed to both human and potentially other primate sources of infection (9,12,15,17). In this study, we have genetically characterized HBV variants infecting chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes subsp.…”