Hepatitis B vaccine: immune responses in children from families with an HBsAg carrier

Zahradnik, John M.; Heiberg, Dorothy; Hollinger, F. Blaine

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(85)90132-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Correspondingly, these anti-HBs responses were significantly greater than those observed by us in a previous vaccine trial in which Down's syndrome clients were given 20 pg of HEPTAVAX-B [Troisi et al, 19851. As anticipated [Hollinger et al, 1982;Troisi et al, 1985;Zahradnik et al, 1985;Hollinger et al, 19861, seroconversion rates and geometric mean anti-HBs levels decreased as dosage was reduced. In addition to the excellent peak antibody levels generated by this vaccine 1 month after the last inoculation, the rapid anti-HBs response that occurred in 80% of the subjects receiving the 20 pg dose 2 weeks after the initial injection suggests that this immunogen may be beneficial in postexposure prophylaxis where the early development of immunity is advantageous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Response to a hepatitis b polypeptide vaccine in micelle form in a young adult population

Troisi

Heiberg

et al. 1986

Journal of Medical Virology

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Polypeptide micelles with relative molecular weights of 25,000 (p25) and 30,000 (gp30) daltons were prepared from native 22-nm hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles. This p25/gp30 complex was alum-adsorbed, and three dosage levels (20 micrograms, 4 micrograms, and 0.8 micrograms) were administered at 0, 1, and 6 months to 51 human volunteers. Local and systemic reactions were clinically insignificant, and all vaccinees seroconverted, regardless of dose. As anticipated, antibody responses diminished as the dosage was reduced. Seroconversion rates and geometric mean antibody levels for the 20 micrograms dosage group were significantly better than those observed with a commercial vaccine and were comparable to those achieved after immunization with 40 micrograms of the intact 22-nm particles used to prepare the polypeptides. By 2 weeks, an anti-HBs response was elicited in 80% of the group receiving 20 micrograms of the polypeptide vaccine. This rapid response to immunization may be particularly beneficial for postexposure prophylaxis where the early development of immunity is advantageous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Response to a hepatitis b polypeptide vaccine in micelle form in a young adult population

Troisi

Heiberg

et al. 1986

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Vaccine studies in humans and in the chimpanzee model have shown that protection from HBV infection correlates with the development of an anti-HBs response (19,28,29,38,39,45,46). In the chimpanzee model of experimental HBV infection, suboptimal anti-HBs responses can also afford some degree of protection, as indicated by the ab-sence of or significant decrease in HBs antigenemia, anti-HBc response, and liver disease (12, 13, 21, 28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An HBV vaccine was prepared from HBsAg by Formalin treatment and adsorption to alum, as described previously (19). The immunogenicity and efficacy of the HBV vaccine used in these studies were demonstrated previously (28,29,45,46). A WHV vaccine was prepared from WHsAg by using the same procedure and has been shown to protect adult and newborn woodchucks from experimental WHV * Corresponding author.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Protection of chimpanzees from type B hepatitis by immunization with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen

Côté¹,

Shapiro²,

Engle³

et al. 1986

J Virol

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Two chimpanzees immunized with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) surface antigen (WHsAg) developed antibodies cross-reactive with hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg). After challenge with HBV, one animal was completely protected and the other experienced a subclinical infection, without evidence of liver disease. Three woodchucks immunized with HBsAg developed antibodies to HBsAg which did not cross-react with WHsAg. After challenge with WHV, all three woodchucks developed typical acute infections with associated hepatic lesions. Serological studies with the cross-reactive antibodies raised in chimpanzees suggested that the protective epitopes of WHsAg were related to the group a specificity of HBsAg. These studies indicated that cross-protective epitopes are shared by HBV and WHV; however, the humoral response to these epitopes can vary among species.

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“…An early study showed that, among 1.5-16 y old children vaccinated with plasma vaccine (16 µg HBsAg) prepared by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA, anti-HBs seroconversion reached 59% two weeks following the first dose and reached 100% one month after the second dose. 55 Most of infants who are vaccinated with 5 or 10 µg recombinant HBsAg produce undetectable anti-HBs or anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL after the first injection; the seroconversion rate (anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL) 1 month after the first dose was only 3% in infants vaccinated with 5 µg HBsAg, 56 or 7-9% in infants vaccinated with 10 µg HBsAg. 57,58 The anti-HBs seroconversion rate reaches 80-100% after the second injection.…”

Section: Immunogenicity Of Primary Hepatitis B Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis B vaccine development and implementation

Zhou

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Vaccination against hepatitis B is the most effective strategy to control HBV infection. The first licensed hepatitis B vaccine was developed by the purification of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from plasma of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Then, the recombinant DNA technology enabled the development of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. A series of three doses vaccine can elicit long-term protection more than 30 y. Concurrent use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine has substantially reduced the mother-to-child transmission of HBV, nearly zero infection in children of carrier mother with negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and 5-10% infection in children of HBeAg-positive mothers. By the end of 2018, 189 countries adopted universal hepatitis B vaccination program, which has dramatically reduced the global prevalence of HBsAg in children <5 y of age, from 4.7% in the prevaccine era to 1.3% in 2015. However, the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination in some regions is suboptimal and timely birth dose vaccine is not routinely administered in more than half of newborn infants. Optimal worldwide universal hepatitis B vaccination requires more efforts to overcome the social and economic challenges.

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Hepatitis B vaccine: immune responses in children from families with an HBsAg carrier

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Response to a hepatitis b polypeptide vaccine in micelle form in a young adult population

Response to a hepatitis b polypeptide vaccine in micelle form in a young adult population

Protection of chimpanzees from type B hepatitis by immunization with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen

Hepatitis B vaccine development and implementation

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