1988
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90541-7
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Hepatitis B Variant in Europe

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Cited by 143 publications
(77 citation statements)
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“…3, 1999 genetic, or other unknown conditions of hosts may lead to inadequate or restricted immune responses to HBsAg. [68][69][70][71] The large number of reports of S gene mutants associated with unsuccessful perinatal immunoprophylaxis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has caused alarm that mutations of amino acids in the a determinant of HBsAg may be a significant cause of vaccine failure. However, molecular epidemiological data from Singapore, 7 Taiwan, 12,16 Indonesia, 14 England and Wales, 17 and the United States 48 have confirmed that, among cases of perinatal vaccine failure, the frequency of infection with S gene mutants is lower than that for infection with wild-type virus.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…3, 1999 genetic, or other unknown conditions of hosts may lead to inadequate or restricted immune responses to HBsAg. [68][69][70][71] The large number of reports of S gene mutants associated with unsuccessful perinatal immunoprophylaxis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has caused alarm that mutations of amino acids in the a determinant of HBsAg may be a significant cause of vaccine failure. However, molecular epidemiological data from Singapore, 7 Taiwan, 12,16 Indonesia, 14 England and Wales, 17 and the United States 48 have confirmed that, among cases of perinatal vaccine failure, the frequency of infection with S gene mutants is lower than that for infection with wild-type virus.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the present study, the protective efficacy of licensed hepatitis B vaccines was evaluated against challenge with this mutant virus. There is evidence for the emergence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants with amino acid substitutions in the a determinant of the surface (S) protein in individuals who received immunoprophylaxis against HBV either at birth [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or during liver transplantation. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Also, such HBV mutants have been identified in chronic HBV carriers who acquired HBV infection naturally.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…17,23 In contrast, the mutant is less dominant in non-endemic areas, such as Europe and North America. 42,43 A high association of fulminant hepatitis has been reported with this mutant in Japan. 44 In general, patients infected with this mutant are more likely to progress to cirrhosis and hepatitic insufficiency, compared to those infected by the wild virus.…”
Section: Hbv Pre-core Mutantsmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Alguns trabalhos têm demonstrado que a seleção dessas cepas também pode ocorrer durante o curso natural da infecção crônica sem a interferência de agentes seletivos exógenos, em alguns desses casos tem sido observada a coexistência de HBsAg e Anti-HBs (211) e em outros a ocorrência de hepatite B oculta (212).…”
Section: Mutações No Gene Sunclassified