Hepatitis B virus genotypes in the United States: results of a nationwide study

Chu, C. M.; Keeffe, Emmet B.; Han, Steven‐Huy B.; Perrillo, Robert P.; Min, Albert D.; Soldevila-Pico, Consuelo; Carey, William D.; Brown, Robert S.; Luketic, Velimir A.; Terrault, Norah A.; Lok, Anna S.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00895-3

Cited by 293 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In contrast, Gandhe et al (11) could not find that genotype D influenced the outcome of chronic HBV infection in Indian patients. In a recent study by Chu et al (10), patients infected with genotype B stood out as having significantly lower ALT levels, whereas in their study it was not possible to assess any difference between genotypes in anti-HBe-positive patients with elevated ALT levels.…”

Section: Vol 42 2004 Clinical Differences Between Hbv Genotypes 5839mentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical and Serological Variation between Patients Infected with Different Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes

2004

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has eight genotypes which have distinct geographical distributions. Studies comparing differences in the clinical outcomes of infections caused by strains with genotype-related variations in the HBV genome have largely compared genotypes B and C and genotypes A and D but not all four genotypes. The present study included 196 HBV-infected patients attending an infectious diseases outpatient clinic in Sweden. The age and geographic origin, liver function, HBeAg and anti-HBe status, and the presence or absence of HBV DNA were analyzed for each patient. HBV DNA was detected in 144 patients, and the HBV genotype and the core promoter and precore sequences were determined for the isolates from 101 of these patients. Among the patients who might be considered most likely to be nonviremic, namely, anti-HBe-positive HBV carriers with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, 65% had detectable HBV DNA and were thus viremic. Among the viremic patients, HBeAg-positive patients were more likely to have elevated ALT levels than anti-HBe-positive patients. HBV genotypes A to F were represented in the study, and their distributions coincided accurately with the origin of the patient. A significantly higher number of genotype D-infected patients were anti-HBe positive and had elevated ALT levels (42% of genotype D-infected patients but 0% of patients infected with genotypes B and C). Genotype D strains with mutations in the core promoter and precore regions were significantly correlated with elevated ALT levels in the patients. The differences were not age related. Therefore, in this large-scale cross-sectional study, genotype D appears to be associated with more active disease.

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Section: Vol 42 2004 Clinical Differences Between Hbv Genotypes 5839mentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical and Serological Variation between Patients Infected with Different Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes

2004

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“…These genotypes have a distinct geographical distribution, with genotypes A (HBV/A) and HBV/ D predominant in Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, Siberia, and America, HBV/B and HBV/C in East Asia, and HBV/E in Africa. In addition, HBV/F has been reported in Central America, and HBV/G in the United States and France [Norder et al, 1993;Lindh et al, 1997;Sanchez-Tapias et al, 2002;Chu et al, 2003;Miyakawa and Mizokami, 2003;Deversa et al, 2004;Mulders et al, 2004;Tallo et al, 2004]. In Japan, HBV/C is the most prevalent, followed by HBV/B, while others are encountered very rarely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

Michitaka

Tanaka

Horiike

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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The major hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Japan are B and C. HBV genotype D (HBV/D), however, is widespread in a small area of Western Japan, where the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome caused by HBV subtype ayw, which is suspected to be HBV/D, was endemic in the 1970s. The aim of the study was to elucidate its origin, time of transmission, and spread in this area. Genotyping of HBV-DNA was done in 363 patients with HBV infection. The year of birth was checked in patients with HBV/D. The full genome sequences of 20 HBV/D strains, 2 of which were obtained from a single carrier with a 19-yearinterval, were analyzed. An evolutionary rate, the date of the most recent common ancestor, and the effective number of HBV/D infections were calculated. Fifty-two of 363 patients were infected with HBV/D, and 39 were born in 1970s. In a phylogenetic tree, the 20 HBV/D strains produced a definite cluster, and the evolutionary rate was calculated to be 5.4 Â 10 À5 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The root of the tree was estimated to be in approximately 1,900 and began to spread from the 1940s, leading to a rapid increase of infected patients in the 1970s. From these results, it is suspected that HBV/D was likely transmitted to the area investigated approximately 100 years ago and then spread widely in the 1970s. From the history of the area and the genetic analysis, HBV/ D in this area was speculated to be of Russian origin.

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“…Both chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C are prevalent among the 12 million Asians and Pacific Islanders living in the USA [2] . It is still a potential risk for public health as a result of immigration from countries with a high prevalence of HBV infection although there is a low incidence rate among the indigenous population in North America and Scandinavian countries [3][4][5] . Chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are major causes of mortality [1,6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and integration of HBV DNA in mouse oocytes

Huang¹

2005

WJG

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AIM: Hepatitis B is a worldwide public health problem. To explore the feasibility of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vertical transmission via oocytes, the presence and integration of HBV DNA in mouse oocytes were studied. METHODS:Genomic DNA was isolated and metaphases were prepared, respectively from mouse oocytes cocultured with pBR322-HBV DNA plasmids. PCR, Southern blot, dot hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to explore the existence and integration of HBV DNA in oocytes. RESULTS:PCR detected positive bands in the tested samples, and then Southern blot revealed clear hybridization signals in PCR products. Final washing solutions were collected for dot hybridization and no signal for HBV DNA was observed, which excluded the possibility that contamination of washing solutions gave rise to positive results of PCR and Southern blot. FISH demonstrated that 36 of 1 000 metaphases presented positive signals.CONCLUSION: HBV DNA sequences are able to pass through the zona and oolemma to enter into oocytes and to integrate into their chromosomes. HBV DNA sequences might be brought into embryo via oocytes as vectors when they are fertilized with normal spermatozoa. [1] . Both chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C are prevalent among the 12 million Asians and Pacific Islanders living in the USA [2] . It is still a potential risk for public health as a result of immigration from countries with a high prevalence of HBV infection although there is a low incidence rate among the indigenous population in North America and Scandinavian countries [3][4][5] . Chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are major causes of mortality [1,6] . Moreover, epidemiological studies have clearly shown the importance of HBV in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In China, 500 000 to one million new cases appear every year [1] and 73% of patients with chronic hepatitis and 78% and 71% of those with cirrhosis and HCC, respectively, are HBsAg positive [7] . Therefore, studies on transmission of HBV are of substantial importance in virology as well as in public health.The transmission routes of HBV through blood transfusion [8,9] ; body fluids including serum, saliva, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and semen [10][11][12][13][14] ; intrauterine infection [15,16] ; cell, tissue, and organ transplantation [17,18] and others including hemodialysis units and intravenous drug injection [19][20][21][22][23] have been documented. Hadchouel et al [24] , using molecular hybridization, confirmed the presence of integrated HBV DNA sequences in spermatozoa from two of three patients with HBV infection. They assumed that the presence of integrated sequences in spermatozoa suggested the possibility of true vertical transmission of HBV via the germ line. Using interspecific in vitro fertilization between zona-free hamster ova and spermatozoa from nine patients with HBV infection, we prepared human sperm metaphases for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the biotin-labeled full length HBV DNA probe. The...

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Hepatitis B virus genotypes in the United States: results of a nationwide study

Cited by 293 publications

References 35 publications

Clinical and Serological Variation between Patients Infected with Different Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes

Clinical and Serological Variation between Patients Infected with Different Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes

Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

Presence and integration of HBV DNA in mouse oocytes

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