Hepatitis C and B prevalence in Spanish prisons

Hoya, Pablo Saíz de la; Marco, A; García-Guerrero, J; Rivera, Alberto

doi:10.1007/s10096-011-1166-5

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Compared to Italian, foreign prisoners showed a lower prevalence of HCV infection, with African born patients, among foreigners, demonstrating the highest one, as published elsewhere [2]. Not surprisingly, women had a higher prevalence of HCV infection than men, as higher rates of Hepatitis B and C, HIV, and sexually transmitted infection, estimated at 2–10 times that of the general population were observed among imprisoned women, moreover, women had a significantly higher prevalence of all medical and psychiatric conditions and drug dependence when compared with imprisoned men [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Prevalence and epidemiological correlates and treatment outcome of HCV infection in an Italian prison setting

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe aim of the present study is to test in the feasibility of a screening programme for HCV infection in an Italian prison and to evaluate the treatment outcomes.MethodSingle-centre cross-sectional study carried out in Milan-Opera. The HCV infection prevalence was calculated on the imprisoned population on the January 31 2006, the data on treatment over the following 2 years. Treatment option offered to HCV chronically infected patients was then analysed, reasons for not being treated was evaluated.ResultsOf the 965 inmates, 695 were enrolled in the study, 682 (98%) were males, the median age was 43 years. There were 131 (18.8%) foreigners and 564 (81.2%) Italians. HCV seroprevalence was 22.4%(95% CI:19.4%-25.7%), 60 subjects (38.4%) being HIV co-infected too. Prevalence of HCV infection was significantly higher in HIVAb positive (89.6%; 95% CI:79.7%-95.7%) than in HIVAb negative (15.15%; 95% CI 12.6%-18.3%) (p<0.001). Among Italian inmates HCVAb positivity was significantly higher than among foreigners (p=0.0154). Among HCVAb positive patients, 135 subjects were HCV-RNA positive. Forty-seven (36%) had major clinical contraindication to treatment, 18 (13%) refused the treatment, 7 (5%) moved to other Institute and 27 (20%) were not evaluated by infectious disease specialists. Fifteen patients (43%) who received treatment were considered responders, 9 (26%) were non responders/relapsers, 6 (17%) interrupted treatment due to side effects and 5 (14%) were released during treatment and lost in follow-up.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the proportion of patients in a prison setting receiving diagnosis and treatment for HCV infection remained low.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…HCV infection in prison inmates is widespread, surveys in correctional system show an HCV sero-prevalence ranging from 16% to 42% in U.S.A. [1], 30% to 50% in European Countries [2] and 31% to 38% among Italian inmates [3,4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and epidemiological correlates and treatment outcome of HCV infection in an Italian prison setting

et al. 2013

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“…We added the number of infectious diseases known at the moment of relapse in order to examine the possible effect of multiple comorbid conditions. Previous research has shown important differences in levels of risk by number of comorbid infections in similar populations (Pallas et al, 1999; Ramezani et al, 2014; Saiz de la Hoya et al, 2011)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk behaviors after release from incarceration among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia

Cepeda¹,

Niccolai²,

Lyubimova³

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Injection drug use, infectious disease, and incarceration are inextricably linked in Russia. We aimed to identify factors associated with time to relapse (first opioid injection after release from prison) and using a non-sterile, previously used syringe at relapse in a sample of people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg. Methods We collected data on time from release to relapse among individuals with a history of incarceration, a subsample of a larger study among people who inject drugs. Proportional hazards and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with time to relapse and injection with a non-sterile previously used syringe at relapse, respectively. Results The median time to relapse after release was 30 days. Factors that were independently associated with relapsing sooner were being a native of St. Petersburg compared to not being native (AHR: 1.64; 95% CI 1.15 – 2.33), unemployed at relapse compared to employed (AHR: 4.49; 95% CI 2.96 – 6.82) and receiving a previous diagnosis of HBV and HCV compared to no previous diagnosis (AHR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.03 – 2.14). Unemployment at relapse was also significant in modeling injection with a non-sterile, previously used syringe at relapse compared to those who were employed (AOR: 6.80; 95% CI 1.96 – 23.59). Conclusions Unemployment was an important correlate for both resuming opioid injection after release and using a non-sterile previously used syringe at relapse. Linkage to medical, harm reduction, and employment services should be developed for incarcerated Russian people who inject drugs prior to release.

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“…In Spain, 1.6–2.6% of the population is infected with HCV, with disproportional representation from prisoners and the IDU population [6]. The presence of HCV infection among prisoners reached 48% in 1998 [7] and 22% in 2010 [8]. Changes in HCV prevalence in the general population and in the characteristics of the inmate population, such as a lower percentage of IDU, are responsible of the reduced incidence of HCV infection in prisons in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Hepatitis C Infection among Prisoners by Routine Laboratory Values during a 20-Year Period

2014

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BackgroundTo estimate the incidence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the predictive factors through repeated routine laboratory analyses.MethodsAn observational cohort study was carried out in Quatre Camins Prison, Barcelona. The study included subjects with an initial negative HCV result and routine laboratory analyses containing HCV serology from 1992 to 2011. The incidence of infection was calculated for the study population and for sub-groups by 100 person-years of follow-up (100 py). The predictive factors were determined through Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox regression. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsA total of 2,377 prisoners were included with a median follow-up time of 1,540.9 days per patient. Among the total population, 117 HCV seroconversions were detected (incidence of 1.17/100 py). The incidence was higher between 1992 and 1995 (2.57/100 py), among cases with HIV co-infection (8.34/100 py) and among intravenous drug users (IDU) without methadone treatment (MT) during follow-up (6.66/100 py). The incidence rate of HCV seroconversion among cases with a history of IDU and current MT was 1.35/100 py, which is close to that of the total study population. The following variables had a positive predictive value for HCV infection: IDU (p<0.001; HR = 7,30; CI: 4.83–11.04), Spanish ethnicity (p = 0.009; HR = 2,03; CI: 1.93–3.44) and HIV infection (p = 0.015; HR = 1.97; CI: 1.14–3.39).ConclusionThe incidence of HCV infection among prisoners was higher during the first part of the study and among IDU during the entire study period. Preventative programs should be directed toward this sub-group of the prison population.

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Hepatitis C and B prevalence in Spanish prisons

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and epidemiological correlates and treatment outcome of HCV infection in an Italian prison setting

Prevalence and epidemiological correlates and treatment outcome of HCV infection in an Italian prison setting

High-risk behaviors after release from incarceration among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia

Incidence of Hepatitis C Infection among Prisoners by Routine Laboratory Values during a 20-Year Period

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