Hepatitis C Transmission after Prostate Biopsy

Ferhi, K.; Rouprêt, Morgan; Mozer, Pierre; Ploussard, Guillaume; Haertig, A; Taille, Alexandre de la

doi:10.1155/2013/797248

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A case report of post-TR prostate biopsy infection with HCV, identified probe cover failure of up to 36 % [32]. The use of LLD and an inability to validate compliance with disinfection standards implicated the endocavity procedure as the potential infection source.…”

Section: The Use Of Probe Covers and Low-level Disinfection For Endocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocavity Ultrasound Transducers: Why High-Level Disinfection Is Necessary

Westerway

Basseal

2020

Ultraschall Med

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As a medical imaging modality, ultrasound is used by a wide cross-section of practitioners including radiologists, obstetricians, gynecologists, gastroenterologists, urologists and cardiologists. The increasing popularity of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool is due not only to the ease of use and portability of systems, but also to the perceived safety aspect of the examination. This latter point needs to be examined. As with any reusable medical device, the ultrasound transducer, also known as a probe, could potentially be a vector for the transmission of pathogenic viruses and fungi between patients if not correctly disinfected after each use. This transmission risk is magnified for an endocavity transducer that has come in contact with the vagina, anal canal or oral cavity, as it could be contaminated with organisms transmitted by blood or mucosal, genital or rectal secretions. Based on the Spaulding system, transducers that come in contact with mucous membranes are classified as semi-critical devices that require high-level disinfection (HLD) after each patient procedure. This HLD process should eliminate all microorganisms except high numbers of bacterial endospores. Only a small number of countries worldwide have implemented transducer reprocessing guidelines that adhere to the Spaulding classification and recommend HLD for endocavity transducers. Overall, there is a lack of conformity among global health agencies regarding the use of HLD for endocavity transducers. This is primarily due to the perception that the infection transmission risk is negligible and that if an endocavity transducer has been covered with a single-use sheath for the procedure, then low-level disinfection provides sufficient protection against pathogen transmission. The objective of this study was to review the published risk of infection transmission from endocavity transducers. By highlighting the outbreaks and case reports that implicate pathogen transmission from transducers, we posit that HLD should be a global standard of practice for the reprocessing of endocavity transducers. It requires substantial time for national health administrations to develop and legislate new recommendations, and for practice changes to be accepted and implemented by healthcare providers. We recommend that Joint Commission International (JCI) and other equivalent organizations enforce the use of HLD of endocavity ultrasound transducers during their accreditation reviews.

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Section: The Use Of Probe Covers and Low-level Disinfection For Endocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocavity Ultrasound Transducers: Why High-Level Disinfection Is Necessary

Westerway

Basseal

2020

Ultraschall Med

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“…This led to a review of guidelines in the UK, Scotland and Wales to ensure high‐level disinfection of semi‐critical devices along with an emphasis on education to ensure staff are appropriately trained and aware of their responsibilities. Cases of hepatitis C transmission have also been recorded during prostate biopsy and assisted conception procedures associated with endocavitary ultrasound 8 , 9 …”

Section: The Need For Infection Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of infection prevention and control in medical ultrasound

Moshkanbaryans¹,

Meyers

Burdach³

2015

Australas J Ultrason Med

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Infection control and prevention is critical to delivering safe and high‐quality care to patients undergoing sonographic procedures. In Australia comprehensive standards for reprocessing of ultrasound probes are based on the AS/NZS, TGA and ASUM recommendations. These standards align with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. However compliance to these guidelines is not ideal and there exists an unmet need for refinement of the guidelines relating to specific factors in clinical sonography.Significant microbiological evidence exists reflecting the increased risk of infection transmission specifically through inadequately reprocessed ultrasound probes. Studies have reported > 80% of transvaginal ultrasound probe handles are contaminated with disease causing pathogens since handle disinfection is omitted from standard reprocessing protocols. Significantly, it was recently discovered that widely‐used high level disinfectants referred to in guidelines are unable to kill HPV while it is becoming increasingly apparent that attention must be paid to the clinical sonography environment as a potential source of nosocomial pathogens.Ultrasound probe reprocessing guidelines and standards are comprehensive however the challenge is in general awareness and effective implementation into practice. As future research in this area is performed, guidelines will need to be amenable to revision to provide patients with the best standard of care.

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“…Failure to adhere to minimum infection control standards, including the proper cleaning and reprocessing of the equipment and transducers, increases the risk of pathogen transmission and subsequent infection. Lack of compliance with scientifically based guidelines for infection control has led to numerous outbreaks arising from ultrasound examinations, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] including cases of infection resulting from ultrasound-guided procedures, 4,[11][12][13] and ultrasound transducers that have not undergone appropriate disinfection (Medical Device Alert Ref: MDA/2012/037) 14,15 or have been damaged. 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improperly cleaned and disinfected ultrasound equipment maybe capable of transmitting BBVs; 18 however, ancillary equipment, particularly related to biopsy and the administration of intravenous medication, presents the highest risk of transmission. 12 It is a vital and best surgical and anaesthetic practice that is adhered to in addition to appropriate ultrasound equipment cleaning and reprocessing to minimise the risk of transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Reprocessing Ultrasound Transducers

Basseal¹,

Westerway²,

Juraja³

et al. 2017

Australas J Ultrason Med

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The Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM) is the leading multidisciplinary medical ultrasound society advancing the clinical practice of diagnostic medical ultrasound for the highest standards of patient care in Australia and New Zealand. The Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control (ACIPC) is the peak body for Infection Prevention and Control professionals in the Australasian region focused on promoting education and evidence based practice outcomes for a healthy community. This document was developed collaboratively by ASUM and ACIPC to establish nationally accepted guidelines for reprocessing ultrasound transducers. The requirements in these guidelines have been based on the standards of AS/ NZS4187:2014 and AS/NZS4185:2006. 1 These guidelines must be used as the minimum standard of practice for reprocessing ultrasound transducers and considered to be best practice at the time which they were issued.

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Hepatitis C Transmission after Prostate Biopsy

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Endocavity Ultrasound Transducers: Why High-Level Disinfection Is Necessary

Endocavity Ultrasound Transducers: Why High-Level Disinfection Is Necessary

The importance of infection prevention and control in medical ultrasound

Guidelines for Reprocessing Ultrasound Transducers

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