Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia in HIV‐infected patients without HCV antibodies detectable by third‐generation enzyme immunoassay

Hadlich, Everton; Álvares‐da‐Silva, Mário Reis; Molin, Rafaela Komorowski Dal; R, Zenker; Goldani, Luciano Zubaran

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04614.x

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…RT-PCR should still be considered a confirmatory test when the patient tests positive for anti-HCV or if ALT levels are persistently abnormal in patients who are anti-HCV-negative in the absence of another etiology [89]. Moreover, HCV-RNA should be considered as an important tool to diagnose HCV in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression (CD4 count of <100 cells/mm 3 ) [101]. It is also noteworthy that a single negative anti-HCV test cannot rule out HCV infection in the HD population because of the potential latency between infection and seroconversion as well as the possible lower sensitivity of ELISA in HD patients as discussed above.…”

Section: Diagnostic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

2008

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The reported prevalence of HCV among the HD population has varied greatly from 1.9 to 84.6% in different countries in recent years. The length of time on HD is generally believed to be associated with HCV acquisition in HD subjects. Nevertheless, several recent reports failed to recognize any significant role of blood transfusion. Although there are some considerations about the accuracy of serologic testing in detecting HCV in HD patients, the accumulated data in this review suggest the false-negativity rate to be not more than 1.66% (153/9,220). Therefore, substituting virologic for serologic testing in the routine diagnosis of HCV infection in HD patients seems unreasonable. Several phylogenetic analyzes of viral isolates suggested nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of HCV among HD patients for which the main potential source is believed to be contaminated hands and articles. However, isolation of HCV-infected HD patients and use of dedicated machines are currently unjustified while strict adherence to universal precautions seems to be enough to control disease spread in HD units. The present article is an update on epidemiological and clinical features of HCV in HD population.

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Section: Diagnostic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

2008

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“…For this reason, all HIV-infected patients should be monitored for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies (Hadlich et al 2007; Vachon et al 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a pooled analysis of four studies, the frequency of HCV RNA positivity and concomitant absence of anti-HCV antibodies among HIV-infected patients was 3.2 % (Chamie et al 2007); in one study, it was reported to be as high as 13.2 % (Bonacini et al 2001; George et al 2002; Hadlich et al 2007). Seronegative HCV infection in HIV-infected individuals is more common in patients with CD4 + cells count below 100/μL and more advanced immunodeficiency (Hadlich et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seronegative HCV infection in HIV-infected individuals is more common in patients with CD4 + cells count below 100/μL and more advanced immunodeficiency (Hadlich et al 2007). Among intravenous drug users exhibiting increased levels of alanine aminotransferase activity and decrease of CD4 + cells counts below 200/μL, the prevalence of seronegative infection is as high as 24 % (Chamie et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seronegative Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Kaźmierczak

Cortés

Radkowski

2013

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. The routine diagnostics identifying HCV infection include testing for specific anti-HCV antibodies by enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assay and viral genetic material in serum or plasma. However, a small proportion of patients persistently infected with HCV, in whom anti-HCV are undetectable, constitute a serious diagnostic and possibly epidemiologic problem, as they could facilitate pathogen spread in the population. This type of infection is termed seronegative or serosilent. Seronegative HCV infection is currently of great interest to both scientists and physicians. The review presents epidemiological data concerning the prevalence of seronegative HCV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals, hemodialysis patients, and blood and organ donors. The possible mechanisms behind this atypical course of infection are discussed. Furthermore, the differences between seronegative and occult infections and prolonged seroconversion are explained.

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“…. In HIVþ patients with a low CD4 count (<200 cells/ mm 3 ) the EIA may be negative and HCV-RNA detection may be needed for diagnosis 175. .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

United Kingdom National Guideline on the Management of the viral hepatitides A, B and C 2015

et al. 2016

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia in HIV‐infected patients without HCV antibodies detectable by third‐generation enzyme immunoassay

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Global Magnitude, Natural History, Diagnostic Difficulties, and Preventive Measures

Seronegative Hepatitis C Virus Infection

United Kingdom National Guideline on the Management of the viral hepatitides A, B and C 2015

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