Hepatitis C Virus Infection at Primary Healthcare Level in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus an Associated Factor?

Humayed, Suliman M. Al; Mahfouz, Ahmed A.; Awadalla, Nabil J.; Alsabaani, Abdullah

doi:10.3390/ijerph15112513

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Lower prevalence (1.8%) of HCV has been reported among blood donors [24] and 0.2-2.6% range reported in different age groups in the general public [25,26]. The result from this study is consistent with findings from different studies that reported a higher prevalence of the range 3.3%-24.8% [1,3,7,14,17,20,27]. The high prevalence in this small population can be attributed to the fact that diabetic patients are immune-compromised and secondly these individuals are exposed to HCV infection since they undergo frequent exposure to medical interventions and instrumentation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two major public health problems that may coexist and cause increased morbidity and mortality rates worldwide [1][2][3]. HCV affects between 170-210 million people globally, of whom 80 million have chronic hepatitis infection with complications that can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and chronic kidney disease [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus infection and the potential predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon

Abongwa¹,

Kuh²,

Ndenge³

2022

J Gast Hepa Rep

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections are a global major public health threat. Their co-infections and associated risk factors have been postulated in many countries, unfortunately, no such data exist in Cameroon. This study aims to determine the prevalence and possible predictors of HCV among DM patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among DM patients at Regional Hospital Bamenda from February to June 2020. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of HCV. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The study comprised 193 participants. The mean (Std. error) age and random blood sugar level of the participants were 46.12(0.9) years and 134.15(4.07) g/dl respectively. HCV prevalence was 3.11% (6). The distribution of HCV infection did not show any significant difference with social demographic factors (p > 0.05). Similarly, HCV was insignificantly (p > 0.05) higher in patients with T2DM 6(3.4%), those with disease duration >5 years 4(4.4%), and those receiving injectable drugs 2(9.1%). Possible predictors (p<0.05) of HCV identified in this study include; uncontrolled diabetes (7.4%), family history of diabetes (19.2%), hepatitis 2(15.4%), alcohol intake (7.6%), multiple sex partners (6.5%), sharing sharp objects (9.1%), those with Tattoos (9.4%), scarification marks (3.6%), as well as those who have been hospitalized (6.7%), or received blood transfusion (25.0%) at least once. Conclusion: HCV testing and linkage to care among DM patients should be made imperative in order to design effective treatment and prevention programs that will reduce the morbidity and mortality rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus infection and the potential predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon

Abongwa¹,

Kuh²,

Ndenge³

2022

J Gast Hepa Rep

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“…It is now reported that more than 170 M individuals are infected with HCV globally. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Approximately 3-4 million cases occur every year with a significant risk of progression to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 8,9 The Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia, reported 9000 new cases of viral hepatitis in 2007, in that 32% were HCV infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Aldubaie,

Suryavamshi,

Irfan

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The worldwide prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are reported with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The frequency of HCV is approximately 3-4 million cases each year and in parallel the incidence of DM is increasing alarmingly. World Health Organization (WHO) has specified that DM will be the 7th leading cause of mortality by 2030. The increasing association between HCV and DM has been indicated by some significant reports recently. HCV infection leads to hepatic steatosis and rapid insulin resistance, which in turn upsurges the risk factors for hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study is designed to examine the association between HCV and DM, and different risk factors associated with HCV infection in Qassim region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A total of 634 blood samples were obtained from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. These blood samples were first screened for HCV infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and positive samples were again confirmed by TaqMan HCV quantitative test and the viral load in different samples was estimated. The HCV prevalence was identified as 2.5% in diabetic patients with a positive association between HCV and DM (RR= 1.24, OR= 1.77) which is not significant statistically. However, the HCV prevalence among diabetic females was significantly different from males (p<0.05). The behavioural factors had no significant impact to acquire HCV infection. This study indicated a positive association between HCV and DM. Gender was an association factor in the HCV and DM status. Further studies with larger sample size is significant to properly assess the temporal relationship between HCV and DM.

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Non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus and the risk of virus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies

Lontchi-Yimagou

Feutseu

Kenmoe

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus enhances the risk of virus infections compared with the risk in healthy individuals without non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed case-control and cohort studies on the association between non-autoimmune diabetes and viruses. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science with no language restriction, to identify articles published until February 15, 2021. The main outcome assessment was the risk of virus infection in individuals with non-autoimmune diabetes. We used a random-effects model to pool individual studies and assessed heterogeneity (I2) using the χ2 test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019134142. Out of 3136 articles identified, we included 68 articles (90 studies, as the number of virus and or diabetes phenotype varied between included articles). The summary OR between non-autoimmune diabetes and virus infections risk were, 10.8(95% CI: 10.3–11.4; 1-study) for SARS-CoV-2; 3.6(95%CI: 2.7–4.9, I2 = 91.7%; 43-studies) for HCV; 2.7(95% CI: 1.3–5.4, I2 = 89.9%, 8-studies;) for HHV8; 2.1(95% CI: 1.7–2.5; 1-study) for H1N1 virus; 1.6(95% CI: 1.2–2.13, I2 = 98.3%, 27-studies) for HBV; 1.5(95% CI: 1.1–2.0; 1-study) for HSV1; 3.5(95% CI: 0.6–18.3 , I2 = 83.9%, 5-studies) for CMV; 2.9(95% CI: 1–8.7, 1-study) for TTV; 2.6(95% CI: 0.7–9.1, 1-study) for Parvovirus B19; 0.7(95% CI: 0.3–1.5 , 1-study) for coxsackie B virus; and 0.2(95% CI: 0–6.2; 1-study) for HGV. Our findings suggest that, non-autoimmune diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to viruses especially SARS-CoV-2, HCV, HHV8, H1N1 virus, HBV and HSV1. Thus, these viruses deserve more attention from diabetes health-care providers, researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders for improved detection, overall proper management, and efficient control of viruses in people with non-autoimmune diabetes.

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection at Primary Healthcare Level in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus an Associated Factor?

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus infection and the potential predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon

Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus infection and the potential predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus and the risk of virus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies

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