Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Post-Transfusion Hepatitis

Aach, Richard D.; Stevens, Cladd E.; Hollinger, F. Blaine; Mosley, James W.; Peterson, David A.; Taylor, Patricia E.; Johnson, Rhonda G.; Barbosa, Luiz H.; Nemo, George J.

doi:10.1097/00132586-199206000-00056

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In our study, we established that blood donations that were anti-HCV ELISA-positive, but cDNA-PCR-negative and negative or indeterminate in RIBA-2 were not infectious. This is in accordance with the finding that prospectively followed recipients of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, but cDNA-PCR-negative blood products were not infected with HCV [14][15][16][17]. Various look-back studies on blood components from RIBA or HCV-RNA-positive donors show that anti-HCV ELISA-positive, RIBAS-positive blood products do infect 50-85% of recipients [10,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Look‐Back of Anti‐HCV ELISA‐Positive, HCV‐RNA PCR‐Negative Donors and Recipients of Their Blood Products

Vrielink¹,

Reesink

Zaaijer

et al. 1997

Vox Sanguinis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Look‐Back of Anti‐HCV ELISA‐Positive, HCV‐RNA PCR‐Negative Donors and Recipients of Their Blood Products

Vrielink¹,

Reesink

Zaaijer

et al. 1997

Vox Sanguinis

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“…9 The samples that were available for this study were originally collected in the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS). 10 Chronic HCV infection, as shown by HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity in the follow-up study (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992) was the criterion for selection of the transfusion cases. 11 There were a total of 120 donor samples for the 30 transfusion cases, the number of donors per case ranging from 1 to 11.…”

Section: Subjects and Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Identical Hypervariable Region 1 Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus in Transfusion Recipients and Their Respective Blood Donors: Divergence Over Time

et al. 2001

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A total of 240 stored serum specimens from 30 transfusion recipients and 120 blood donors from the TransfusionTransmitted Viruses Study (TTVS) were evaluated with the objective of establishing transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by specific blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and HCV genotyping were performed on the genomic region encoding amino acids 329 to 410. Amino acid distances between HVR1 sequences were calculated by the Kimura formula. Bootstrap analysis of HVR1 sequences provided support for linking recipients to specific donors. Linear regression analysis showed no differences between donor and recipient HVR1 sequences 7.9 weeks posttransfusion, but donor and recipient sequences diverged thereafter (r ‫؍‬ 0.690). The initial lag phase in the evolution of HVR1 in the infected recipient was attributed to the time required to mount host immunologic defenses against the virus. Within-recipient divergence in HVR1 was determined from analyses of serial specimens collected within 2 weeks after the alanine transaminase peak, at the end of the original study (1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979), and in the follow-up study (1987-present). HVR1 remained invariant over a period of 6.7 to 9.5 days (95% CI) during acute infection. Within-patient divergence in HVR1 increased over a period of 11 to 15 years (r ‫؍‬ 0.771), reaching the degree of divergence observed between unlinked subjects. In cases in which transfusion involved more than one HCV subtype, only one of the HCV subtypes established infection in the recipient. Subtype-specific differences in HVR1 were shown. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;34:424-429.)Transmission of RNA viruses from one individual to another may result in selection of one viral quasispecies over another possibly as the result of a different set of host immune pressures. In reports of single source outbreaks, analyses of the envelope genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) showed that the viral quasispecies in the recipients usually differed from each other and from that of the source. [1][2][3][4] The inference that the virus established in a given recipient differed from the source virus is not as simple as it appears, for several reasons. The genomic region of the virus that is used to detect differences in viral quasispecies may be critical. Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) has been used in the study of HCV transmission on the supposition that a very high degree of diversity affords a better chance of distinguishing one viral species from another. 4 In fact, studies on HIV-1 transmission showed that the viral genomic region displaying the highest degree of diversity was less informative for showing transmission than a region that showed a lesser degree of diversity. 5,6 Moreover, the time elapsed between the transmission event and the collection of sample from the recipient may be critical in the application of sequence analysis to the study of virus transmission. HVR1 can encode peptides that generate neutralizing antibodies...

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“…The molecular characterization of the HCV genome has led to the development of immunoassays for the detection of antibodies to HCV. The first-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) used a single recombinant viral protein, designated C100-3, for the serological diagnosis of HCV infection ( 2 ) ; implementation of the C100-3 EIA resulted in a significant decrease in transfusion-associated hepatitis infections (5)(6)(7). However, it is clear from a number of studies that the C100-3 EIA generated significant numbers of both false-positive and false-negative results , the latter being particularly common among donors without elevated levels of ALT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of hepatitis C virus RNA prevalence and surrogate markers of infection among seropositive voluntary blood donors

et al. 1993

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A novel reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay has been developed that uses drop-in-drop-out primers for the heminested amplification of hepatitis C virus complementary DNA. This assay has been used for analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus RNA in a set of 53 plasma specimens from blood donations that were repeatedly reactive for hepatitis C virus antibodies with the first-generation enzyme immunoassay. Of 21 specimens that were also reactive for hepatitis C virus antibodies by a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (recombinant immunoblot assay 2), 20 (95%) contained detectable levels of hepatitis C virus RNA. Cryoprecipitate in three specimens reactive in the recombinant immunoblot assay led to an apparent failure of detecting hepatitis C virus RNA, but repeat tests of redissolved cryoprecipitate subsequently revealed hepatitis C virus RNA. Hepatitis C virus RNA was also detected in plasma from 5 of 29 donors nonreactive by recombinant immunoblot assay. However, evidence of viremia in these donors could not be confirmed on follow-up specimens collected more than 1 yr later. Our results demonstrate that the presence of recombinant immunoblot assay reactivity nearly always indicates hepatitis C viremia and suggest that viremia may be transient or fluctuating among some individuals who are nonreactive for hepatitis C virus antibodies by the recombinant immunoblot assay.

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Post-Transfusion Hepatitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Look‐Back of Anti‐HCV ELISA‐Positive, HCV‐RNA PCR‐Negative Donors and Recipients of Their Blood Products

Look‐Back of Anti‐HCV ELISA‐Positive, HCV‐RNA PCR‐Negative Donors and Recipients of Their Blood Products

Occurrence of Identical Hypervariable Region 1 Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus in Transfusion Recipients and Their Respective Blood Donors: Divergence Over Time

Analysis of hepatitis C virus RNA prevalence and surrogate markers of infection among seropositive voluntary blood donors

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