Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Mothers and Infants Cohort Study

Granovsky, M O; Minkoff, Howard; Tess, Beatriz Helena; Waters, David J.; Hatzakis, Angelos; DeVoid, David E.; Landesman, Sheldon; Rubinstein, Arye; Bisceglie, Adrian M. Di; Goedert, J. J.

doi:10.1542/peds.102.2.355

Cited by 156 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Some studies suggest that motherto-infant transmission of HCV is more likely to occur with vaginal delivery. [33][34][35]38 Other studies do not confirm this finding. 15,27,28,30 Moreover, in some of the studies indicating increased risk with vaginal delivery, the difference fell short of statistical significance, including a large European study where mode of delivery was known for 1,400 infants.…”

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Co-infection with HIV has consistently been associated with greater likelihood of transmitting HCV to the newborn infant. 24,30,[34][35][36][37][38] There was no increased rate of transmission of HCV to infants of HIV co-infected women in the large cohort reported by Conte et al, 28 but all of these mothers had received antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy, an observation which suggests that HIV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected women should be treated aggressively to reduce the risk of mother-to-infant HCV infection.…”

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

2002

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Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparatively uncommon. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in pregnant women is 0.1% to 2.4%, although in some endemic areas it is much higher. The proportion of women with anti-HCV who have active infection with viremia is 60% to 70%. Transmission of HCV occurs only when serum HCV RNA is detectable and may be related to higher levels (above 10 6 copies per mL). M aternal and child health issues relating to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have recently assumed greater importance than ever before. From the pediatric perspective, the availability of effective screening methods for HCV has virtually eliminated new cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C in children. Consequently, childhood acquisition of HCV infection through maternal-infant transmission has become the most important mode of spread. 1 Vertical, or more precisely, mother-to-infant hepatitis C will likely be the major type of childhood chronic hepatitis C within the next 6 to 8 years. It has been difficult to determine the rate of mother-to-infant transmission, partly because reports of mother-to-infant transmission of HCV have been based on small numbers of patients, with differing disease definitions, followed with different study designs and using different virological assays. These reports tended to be heterogeneous and conflicting. Moreover, factors that promote mother-to-infant transmission and the outcome of chronic HCV infection acquired by this route still require clarification. Likewise, for women of child-bearing age who acquired chronic hepatitis C in childhood or in early adulthood, there are important issues relating to pregnancy itself, such as its effect on the disease course of chronic hepatitis C. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Pregnant WomenNumerous studies have examined the prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant women (Table 1). The studies vary considerably in terms of the size of the study, geographic variables, and adequacy of laboratory testing. In general, the prevalence of detectable antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) is approximately 1% overall (range, 0.1% to 2.4%), based on the studies that included at least 3,000 subjects. The mean Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; anti-HCV, antibody to HCV; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

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Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Factors Correlating With Mother-to-infant Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

2002

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“…with negative HCV RNA does not transmit HCV to her infant (10), and the infection has rarely been reported in children born to mothers with undetectable HCV RNA (11,12). This seems to be related to the fluctuation of HCV viral loads above and below the sensitivity level of the test, or resulting from the use of testing methods that are not sensitive enough to detect low levels of HCV RNA.…”

Section: Ziyaeyan M Et Al Hcv Transmission To the Orphan Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Antibody Positive Orphan Newborns

Ziyaeyan

Jamalidoust

Moeini

2012

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Comparing diagnostic methods of vertical transmission of HCV infection can serve as a cornerstone for better understanding of the capability of each methods in more accurate diagnosis of HCV infection in the newborns.HCV is spread through contaminated blood and blood products with percutaneous exposure. This disease also poses a risk to injection drug users (IDU) and hemodialysis patients. However, sexual transmission of HCV is comparably low in Iran, and in addition the risk through occupational exposure is also very low. Mother-to-infant transmission rates vary widely (5-9). Usually, a mother BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of; chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. It represents an enormous global health problem, affecting 130-170 million people worldwide. In Iran, the prevalence of HCV in the general population is 0.5% (1), but the rate is higher in certain at risk populations (2-4).Background: The rate of mother-to-infant hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission is relatively low, however, this mode of infection is the most important route for childhood HCV involvement. The chances of transmission are increased by the level of maternal HCV viraemia and maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co infection. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of HCV infection in orphan newborns of infected mothers. Patients and Methods: A total of 29, two to seven month old, orphan infants were included in the study. The tests performed consisted of the detection of; anti-HCV and anti-HIV antibodies, HCV RNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and finally the detection of HCV core antigens (HCV core Ag). Results: Anti-HCV antibodies were detectable in all of the infants. However HCV RNA was undetectable in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and there were also no anti-HIV 1/2 antibodies present in the infants. Conclusions: Few studies have addressed the issue of mother-to-infant transmission of HCV among orphan newborns. According to the present study, carried out with orphan babies, the use of a HCV core Ag assay and evaluation of HCV RNA in PBMCs together with HCV RNA real-time PCR on the plasma, could benefit the prediction or exclusion of HCV transmission from mother to child.

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“…By the inclusion of more than 100 mother-infant pairs and the use of improved laboratory methods, a second generation of perinatal research has narrowed the estimate of vertical transmission frequency to 3% to 8%, and has shown the necessity of careful, repeated testing to diagnose infant HCV infection (Table 1). [1][2][3][4][5] The second generation of mother-infant research also suggests that certain factors may influence perinatal transmission (Table 2). In 1999, the importance of each putative cofactor remains controversial, largely because studies have had too few participants to assess cofactors or their interactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 A total of 122 HCV-infected mothers and their infants were followed for more than 1 year. After repeated testing on multiple visits, HCV infection was recognized in 7 (6%) of infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother–Infant Hepatitis C Transmission: Second Generation Research

Thomas

1999

Hepatology

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Mothers and Infants Cohort Study

Cited by 156 publications

References 31 publications

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Antibody Positive Orphan Newborns

Mother–Infant Hepatitis C Transmission: Second Generation Research

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