Hepatitis delta virus: A fascinating and neglected pathogen

Cunha, Celso; Tavanez, João Paulo; Gudima, Severin O.

doi:10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.313

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…HDV is a satellite virus of HBV which mostly targets the human liver 24 , and hence HDV infection is mostly associated with liver disease. HDV infection affects around 20 million people worldwide 36 , however, it is currently somewhat of a neglected disease due to the fact that HBV vaccination is thought to also protect against HDV infection. The recent discovery of deltaviruses in the absence of hepadnaviral co-infection across a wide range of taxa 5, 6, 28 provided the first indications that deltaviruses could be much more enigmatic than originally thought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake deltavirus utilizes envelope proteins of different viruses to generate infectious particles

Szirovicza

Hetzel

Kipar

et al. 2019

Preprint

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2Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is the only known human satellite virus, and it requires hepatitis B virus 3 (HBV) to form infectious particles. Until 2018 HDV was the sole representative of the 4 genus Deltavirus. The subsequent identification of HDV-like agents in non-human hosts indicated a 5 much longer evolutionary history of deltaviruses than previously hypothesized. Interestingly, none 6 of the HDV-like agents were found in co-infection with an HBV-like agent suggesting that these 7 viruses use different helper virus(es). Here we show, using snake deltavirus (SDeV), that HBV 8

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake deltavirus utilizes envelope proteins of different viruses to generate infectious particles

Szirovicza

Hetzel

Kipar

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Recent data on the HDV seroprevalence among HBsAg carriers in Cameroon ranged from 11% ( 24 ) to 18% ( 25 ). HDV exhibits a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and has been classified into eight different clades (1 to 8) ( 26 ), of which clade 1 has a worldwide distribution ( 27 ). Only a few HDV genotyping studies have been conducted in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Hepatitis B and D Viruses in an African Rural Community

et al. 2018

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This study revealed that the prevalence of HBV and HDV in a rural area of Cameroon is extremely high, underlining the pressing need for the improvement of control strategies. Systematic serological and phylogenetic analyses of HBV sequences turned out to be useful tools to identify networks of virus transmission within and between households. The high HBsAg carriage rate found among children demonstrates that implementation of the HBV birth dose vaccine and improvement of vaccine coverage will be key elements in preventing both HBV and HDV infections. In addition, the high HBsAg carriage rate in adolescents and adults emphasizes the need for identification of chronically infected individuals and linkage to WHO-recommended treatment to prevent progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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“…The prevalence of HDV infection in this population appears to be <1%, consistent with previous estimates in this part of Africa. 22 , 23 The prevalence was considerably higher (5%) in Nigeria. 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stage of disease in hepatitis B virus infection in Zambian adults is associated with large cell change but not well defined using classic biomarkers

Nsokolo

Kanunga

Sinkala

et al. 2017

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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BackgroundHepatocellular malignancy in young adults is a prominent feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in southern Africa. Here we report a cross-sectional study of liver pathology correlated with biomarkers in adults with HBV infection in Zambia.MethodsWe analysed liver biopsies from Zambian patients with persistent HBV infection.ResultsWe analysed 104 patients with HBV infection and evidence of liver disease. We obtained liver biopsies from 53 adults; of these, 12 (23%) were hepatitis B e antigen seropositive. The genotype was evenly distributed between A and E. One biopsy showed malignancy. Stage was 3 or more in 11 of 52 (21%) biopsies free of malignancy and lobular inflammation was found in 50 (94%). Neither alanine aminotransferase (ALT) nor the γ-glutamyl transferase:platelet ratio (GPR) were correlated with the stage of disease but were correlated with total Ishak score (ρ=0.47, p=0.0004 and ρ=0.33, p=0.02, respectively). Large cell change was observed in 10 of 11 biopsies with fibrosis stage 3 or more and 16 of 41 with early disease (p=0.005). Serum α-fetoprotein was elevated, although still within the normal range, in patients with large cell change (median 3.6 [interquartile range {IQR} 1.6–5.1]) compared with those without (1.7 [IQR 1.0–2.8]; p=0.03). Neither ALT nor GPR predicted large cell change.ConclusionsLarge cell change was common in young HBV-infected adults in Zambia. Only serum α-fetoprotein was identified as a biomarker of this phenotype.

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Hepatitis delta virus: A fascinating and neglected pathogen

Cited by 14 publications

References 114 publications

Snake deltavirus utilizes envelope proteins of different viruses to generate infectious particles

Snake deltavirus utilizes envelope proteins of different viruses to generate infectious particles

Transmission of Hepatitis B and D Viruses in an African Rural Community

Stage of disease in hepatitis B virus infection in Zambian adults is associated with large cell change but not well defined using classic biomarkers

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