Hepatitis E Virus Persistence and/or Replication in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acute HEV-Infected Patients

Sayed, Ibrahim M.; Elhameed, Zeinab A Abd; El-Kareem, Doaa M. Abd; Abdel-Malek, Mohamed A. Y.; Ali, Marfoua S.; Ibrahim, M. M.; Sayed, Ayat A.; Khalaf, Khaled Abo Bakr; Abdel-Wahid, Lobna; El‐Mokhtar, Mohamed A.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.696680

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In a parallel line, several studies showed the necessity of testing HEV markers before diagnosing cases as DILI [131,132]. Besides, the detection of HEV in patients' PBMCs and urine, but not semen, indicates that the viral isolates circulating in Egypt mediate extrahepatic manifestations [22,133].…”

Section: Recent Findings On the Status Of Hev Infection In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEV-1 and HEV-3 isolates were reported in Egypt [17][18][19]. Limited sequence data for HEV isolates were identified in Egypt and most HEV genotype 1 isolates were categorized into subtypes 1a, 1b, 1e and 1f [17,18,[20][21][22]. Rocahepevirus ratti incudes rat-derived HEV isolates which were recently reported with human infections [4,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Hepatitis E Virus a Neglected or Emerging Pathogen in Egypt?

Sayed

Abdelwahab

2022

Pathogens

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Though Egypt ranks among the top countries for viral hepatitis and death-related liver disease, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a neglected disease. Living in villages and rural communities with low sanitation, use of underground well water and contact with animals are the main risk factors for HEV infection. Domestic animals, especially ruminants and their edible products, are one source of infection. Contamination of water by either human or animal stools is the main route of infection. In addition, HEV either alone or in coinfection with other hepatotropic viruses has been recorded in Egyptian blood donors. HEV seropositivity among Egyptian villagers was 60–80%, especially in the first decade of life. Though HEV seropositivity is the highest among Egyptians, HEV infection is not routinely diagnosed in Egyptian hospitals. The initial manifestations of HEV among Egyptians is a subclinical infection, although progression to fulminant hepatic failure has been recorded. With the improvement in serological and molecular approaches and increasing research on HEV, it is becoming clear that HEV represents a threat for Egyptians and preventive measures should be considered to reduce the infection rate and possible complications.

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Section: Recent Findings On the Status Of Hev Infection In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Hepatitis E Virus a Neglected or Emerging Pathogen in Egypt?

Sayed

Abdelwahab

2022

Pathogens

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“…This virus is currently considered the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide; it can lead to severe illness in pregnant women and patients with liver disease and chronic infections in immunosuppressed individuals [ 2 ]. Notably, its recently recognized ability to infect multiple cell types and the adverse effects observed in diverse tissues due to infection support the notion that hepatitis E might be considered a systemic disease rather than solely a liver disease [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the History of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Mexico: From the Enigmatic Genotype 2 to the Current Disease Situation

Viera-Segura,

Calderón-Flores,

Batún-Alfaro

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. This virus is responsible for waterborne outbreaks in low-income countries and zoonosis transmission in industrialized regions. Initially, considered self-limiting, HEV may also lead to chronic disease, and evidence supports that infection can be considered a systemic disease. In the late 1980s, Mexico became a hot spot in the study of HEV due to one of the first virus outbreaks in Latin America related to enterically transmitted viral non-A, non-B hepatitis. Viral stool particles recovered from Mexican viral hepatitis outbreaks represented the first identification of HEV genotype (Gt) 2 (Gt2) in the world. No new findings of HEV-Gt2 have been reported in the country, whereas this genotype has been found in countries on the African continent. Recent investigations in Mexico have identified other strains (HEV-Gt1 and -Gt3) and a high frequency of anti-HEV antibodies in animal and human populations. Herein, the potential reasons for the disappearance of HEV-Gt2 in Mexico and the advances in the study of HEV in the country are discussed along with challenges in studying this neglected pathogen. These pieces of information are expected to contribute to disease control in the entire Latin American region.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 2: Role in pathogenesis and diagnosis in HEV infections

Sayed

Ramadan

Hafez

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurs worldwide. The HEV genome includes three to four open reading frames (ORF1‐4). ORF1 proteins are essential for viral replication, while the ORF3 protein is an ion channel involved in the exit of HEV from the infected cells. ORF2 proteins form the viral capsid required for HEV invasion and assembly. They also suppress interferon production and inhibit antibody‐mediated neutralisation of HEV, allowing the virus to hijack the host immune response. ORF2 is the only detectable viral protein in the human liver during HEV infection and it is secreted in the plasma, stool, and urine of HEV‐infected patients, making it a reliable diagnostic marker. The plasma HEV ORF2 antigen level can predict the outcome of HEV infections. Hence, monitoring HEV ORF2 antigen levels may be useful in assessing the efficacy of anti‐HEV therapy. The ORF2 antigen is immunogenic and includes epitopes that can induce neutralising antibodies; therefore, it is a potential HEV vaccine candidate. In this review, we highlighted the different forms of HEV ORF2 protein and their roles in HEV pathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring the therapeutic efficacy, and vaccine development.

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Hepatitis E Virus Persistence and/or Replication in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acute HEV-Infected Patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Is Hepatitis E Virus a Neglected or Emerging Pathogen in Egypt?

Is Hepatitis E Virus a Neglected or Emerging Pathogen in Egypt?

Tracing the History of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Mexico: From the Enigmatic Genotype 2 to the Current Disease Situation

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 2: Role in pathogenesis and diagnosis in HEV infections

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