Hepatitis E virus species barriers: seeking viral and host determinants

Ribavirin Treatment Failure-Associated Mutation, Y1320H, in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Genotype 3 Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Enhances Virus Replication in a Rabbit HEV Infection Model

“…1A ), reflecting an extremely long-term virus-host evolutionary history of HEV-3ra in rabbits ( 52 ). Given the broad host tropism and frequent cross-species transmission of HEV-3 ( 5 , 8 ), it is therefore speculated that rabbits (order Lagomorpha) accidentally acquired the ancient HEV-3, likely due to the occurrence of intensive animal husbandry farming ( 53 ). A total of 52 genomic sequences of HEV-3ra are currently available in the GenBank database (retrieved as of October 2022), which were derived from multiple countries worldwide, with the vast majority from Australia.…”

“…HEV primarily transmits to humans via the fecal-oral route by drinking contaminated water in developing countries and consuming raw or undercooked animal meat products in industrialized nations ( 3 ). HEV is classified in the family Hepeviridae ( 4 , 5 ). Four major HEV genotypes (HEV-1 to -4) within the species Paslahepevirus balayani infect humans.…”

Colon-derived Caco-2 cells support replication of hepatitis E virus genotype 1 strain Sar55 generated by reverse genetics

“…The efficient infection of Caco-2 cells could be related to the expression of an HEV-1 Sar55 -specific receptor or entry factor, e.g. the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, ATP synthase subunit β, asialoglycoprotein receptor, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, integrin α3, and the EGF receptor have been shown to play a role in HEV entry ( Kinast et al, 2022 ; Oechslin et al, 2020b ; Schrader et al, 2023 ; Wissing et al, 2021 ).…”