Hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence between 2006 and 2015 in China: estimates based on data from 188 population-based cancer registries

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are the most common subtypes of primary liver cancer, but nationwide incidence of both liver cancer subtypes have never been reported in China. We aimed to estimate the most recent incidence of HCC and ICC and temporal trends in China based on the most updated data from high qualified population-based cancer registries (covering 13.1% of the national population), in comparison to those in the United States at the same period. Methods: We used data from 188 Chinese population-based cancer registries covering 180.6 million population of China to estimate the nationwide incidence of HCC and ICC in 2015. And 22 populationbased cancer registries' data were used to estimate the trends of HCC and ICC incidence from 2006 to 2015. Multiple imputation by chained equations method was used to impute liver cancer cases with unknown subtype (50.8%). We used data from 18 population-based registries from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to analyze incidence of HCC and ICC in the United States.Results: In China, an estimated 301,500 and 61,900 newly diagnosed HCC and ICC occurred in 2015. The overall age-standardized rates (ASRs) of HCC incidence decreased by 3.9% per year. For ICC incidence, the overall ASR was relatively stable, but increased in the population of over 65 years old. Subgroup analysis by age showed that the ASR of HCC incidence had the sharpest decline in population who were less than 14 years old and received neonatally HBV vaccination. In the United States, though the incidence of HCC and ICC were lower than those in China, the overall HCC and ICC incidence increased by 3.3% and 9.2% per year.Conclusions: China still faces with a heavy burden of liver cancer incidence. Our results may further support the beneficial effect of Hepatitis B vaccination on reduction of HCC incidence. Both healthy lifestyle 2 An et al. HCC and ICC incidence in China and USA

Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia

“…Rates of liver cancer by histological type demonstrate a similar temporal profile in most regions except several countries. In China, ASIR of HCC is estimated to decrease by 3.9% per year between 2006 and 2015, but the incidence rate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) increases in the population older than 65 4 . Thailand reports a decreasing trend of HCC and an increasing trend of ICC, which is attributed to liver fluke infections 5 .…”

“…In China, ASIR of HCC is estimated to decrease by 3.9% per year between 2006 and 2015, but the incidence rate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) increases in the population older than 65. 4 Thailand reports a decreasing trend of HCC and an increasing trend of ICC, which is attributed to liver fluke infections. 5 Here, we present a brief review of the changing epidemiology of HCC in Asian countries and compare the differences between eastern and western countries, which may provide informative clues for personalized prevention, diagnosis and treatment.…”

Contrast-Enhanced Imaging Features and Clinicopathological Investigation of Steatohepatitic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Conversely, the HCV infection in SH-HCC patients has been reported to be significantly different from non-SH-HCC patients by Yamaoka et al [ 10 ]. The reason may be that HBV infection is much more common in Chinese people [ 26 ]. Furthermore, the tumor size of SH-HCCs has been reported to be larger than in non-SH-HCCs [ 10 , 13 ], while the diameter of tumors of SH-HCCs and non-SH-HCCs was of no significant difference in the present study.…”

“…Furthermore, the tumor size of SH-HCCs has been reported to be larger than in non-SH-HCCs [ 10 , 13 ], while the diameter of tumors of SH-HCCs and non-SH-HCCs was of no significant difference in the present study. The probable reason may be that chronic hepatitis B patients account for over half of the SH-HCC/non-SH-HCC patients; routine imaging examinations and laboratory tests are performed to detect cancer as early as possible [ 26 ].…”

Adequate lymph node dissection is essential for accurate nodal staging in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A population‐based study

“…Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), originating from intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells, is a highly lethal disease with a grim prognosis 1–3 . To date, although the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory, surgical resection remains the only chance of a cure due to limited treatment options 4–6 .…”