This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org stationary, pluripotent stem cells at the base of the crypt give rise to rapidly proliferating cells that differentiate into postmitotic columnar absorptive colonocytes, mucinsecreting goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells as they migrate from the crypt base to the surface, followed fi nally by their shedding into the intestinal lumen (reviewed in Ref. 1 ). Several signaling pathways, notably  -catenin/Tcf and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4 ␣ , modulate and control the proliferation and differentiation of adult colonocytes, whereas their perturbation via mutation or epigenetic modifi cation may ultimately result in colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, cell dedifferentiation correlates with key tumor features, such as tumor progression rates, invasiveness, drug resistance, and metastatic potential ( 2 ). Hence, perturbation of programming commitment during ontogenesis may mimic primary features of intestinal oncogenesis. In contrast to humans, major intestinal maturation processes of rodents take place only following birth ( 3 ), allowing for searching intestinal ontogenesis as a function of variable conditions reported to promote or suppress CRC.The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual diseases (upper-body obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) are associated with an increased risk for CRC, and CRC incidence seems to be associated with the number of MetS components present at baseline (reviewed in Refs. 4, 5 ). Thus, the relative risk (RR) of CRC increases 2-fold with increase in waist circumference of MetS subjects ( 6 ), whereas the age-and sex-adjusted RR of CRC for an hemoglobin (Hb)A1c у 7% amounts to 2.94, compared with 1. Manuscript received 29 October 2011 and in revised form 20 February 2012. Published, JLR Papers in Press, February 22, 2012 DOI 10.1194 Amelioration of diabesity-induced colorectal ontogenesis by omega-3 fatty acids in mice Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; HE, hematoxylin and eosin; HNF-4 ␣ , hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 ␣ ; LA, linoleic acid; LBD, ligand binding domain; LCFA, long-chain fatty acid; MetS, metabolic syndrome; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; RR, relative risk.