Hepatoprotection and Phytochemistry of the Vietnamese Herbs Cleome chelidonii and Cleome viscosa Stems

Abstract

The study aims to determine the hepatoprotective effect of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the leaves and stems of two Cleome species against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver toxicity both in vitro using human hepatoma (HepG2) cells and in vivo in rats as well as the hepatoprotective property of all isolated compounds on HepG2. After 72 h of treatment, at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, the methanol of C. chelidonii stems (CCSM) ranged from 18.6% to 20.8%, whereas the methanol of C. chelidonii stems (CVSM) increased from 12.3% to 17.2% cell viability. The results show that CCSM and CVSM significantly expressed in vitro hepaprotective activity on HepG2. Therefore, the animals were daily treated with these extracts at the doses of 15, 30, and 45 mg/kg body weight for 5 days, and CCl4 was injected (2 ml/kg body weight, i.p.) on the 2nd and 3rd days. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) in the blood were measured and compared to the silymarin control. The treatments with CCSM and CVSM (30, and 45 mg/kg) possessed significant hepatoprotection and were comparable with the activity of silymarin. Further, phytochemical studies of these ones were conducted and led to the identification of eight flavonoids: visconoside A (1), visconoside B (2), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), cleomeside A (5), cleomeside B (6), cleomeside C (7), and quercetin-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1⟶2)]-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8). Two major flavonoids (1 and 4) displayed significant hepatoprotective property (at the concentration of 100 μM, the prevention percentage values were 66.5% and 74.2%, respectively, compared to the quercetin control, with value of 80.3%).

Antiproliferative, Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of Secondary Metabolites from Macrosolen tricolor

“…Te in vitro cytotoxic efects were observed against four tumor cells: MDA-MB-231, RD, HepG2, and RAW264.7 of all MTH, MTE fractions, and pure compounds were exposed by the MTT test, as described in our previous papers [15,16].…”

“…Te HRMS (ESI technique) and NMR spectra of those compounds were consistent with the data in the published literature for lupeol (1) [24]; macrotricolorin A (2); bisdemethoxycurcumin (3); desmethoxycurcumin (4); curcumin (5) [7]; 24-methylenecycloartanol (6) [25]; 6′-Omargaroyldaucosterol (7); daucosterol (8); ursolic acid (9) [26]; 1-oxooleanolic acid (10) [27]; gallic acid (11); bisacurone A (12) [28]; a mixture of (1E, 4E)-1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (13a); and pinoresinol (13b) [29]; 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (14); 3,3′-di-Omethyl-4-O-β-D-xylopyranosylellagic acid (15); kaempferol (16); vitexin (17); and orientin (18) [30].…”

“…Tere is no report on the in vitro antiproliferative and anti-infammatory properties of this species. Continuing our exciting studies on the cytotoxic constituents of the Vietnam plants [13][14][15] and the Macrosolen genus [16][17][18][19], this study disclosed the in vitro cytotoxic efcacy on MDA-MB-231, RD, HepG2, and RAW264.7 cells and anti-infammatory evaluation against NO production in LPS-induced infammation of fractions and separated compounds using MTT assay, as well as the in silico molecular docking studies on the Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis protein for the most cytotoxic isolates.…”

Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant, In Vivo Acute Toxicity, and Hepatoprotective Activity of Cleome simplicifolia Bioactive Metabolites against Paracetamol-Intoxicated Wister Albino Rats

“…[13]. While several Cleomaceae species were studied for in vivo hepatoprotective ability in experimental animals, for instance, the methanolic stem extracts of Cleome chelidonii and Cleome viscosa plants of Cleomaceae have been assessed for hepatoprotective ability against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-intoxicated rats to monitor ALT and AST biochemical level [14]. Similarly, coumarinolignoids (cleomiscosins A, B, and C) isolated from Cleome viscosa seeds showed hepatoprotective protection for CCl 4 -damaged livers in rats [15].…”