Hepatoprotection of Probiotics Against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in vivo: A Systematic Review

Sabirin, Faezah; Lim, Siong Meng; Neoh, Chin Fen; Ramasamy, Kalavathy

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.844374

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The interplay between host and commensal bacteria in health and disease has been an intensively discussed topic in recent years, and the diverse interactions underpin the complexity whereby the gut microbiota and its metabolites influence host homeostasis. The use of microbes as potential therapeutics for management of liver diseases is understudied and poorly understood [ 65 ]. Therefore, in this paper, we sought to screen and characterize both well-established probiotic strains as well as more novel, non-characterized bacterial strains as protective agents against the development of NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention

et al. 2023

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that poses health challenges worldwide and is expected to continue to rise dramatically. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired gut health. Increased gut permeability, caused by disturbance of tight junction proteins, allows passage of damaging microbial components that, upon reaching the liver, have been proposed to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines and generate cellular stress. A growing body of research has suggested the utilization of targeted probiotic supplements as a preventive therapy to improve gut barrier function and tight junctions. Furthermore, specific microbial interactions and metabolites induce the secretion of hormones such as GLP-1, resulting in beneficial effects on liver health. To increase the likelihood of finding beneficial probiotic strains, we set up a novel screening platform consisting of multiple in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening of 42 bacterial strains. Analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance response via co-incubation of the 42 bacterial strains with human colonic cells (Caco-2) revealed improved barrier integrity. Then, strain-individual metabolome profiling was performed revealing species-specific clusters. GLP-1 secretion assay with intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1) found at least seven of the strains tested capable of enhancing GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Gene expression profiling in human biopsy-derived intestinal organoids was performed using next generation sequencing transcriptomics post bacterial co-incubation. Here, different degrees of immunomodulation by the increase in certain cytokine and chemokine transcripts were found. Treatment of mouse primary hepatocytes with selected highly produced bacterial metabolites revealed that indole metabolites robustly inhibited de novo lipogenesis. Collectively, through our comprehensive bacterial screening pipeline, not previously ascribed strains from both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were proposed as potential probiotics based on their ability to increase epithelial barrier integrity and immunity, promote GLP-1 secretion, and produce metabolites relevant to liver health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, synbiotic supplementation has been shown to inhibit the carbohydrate response element binding protein transcription and activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) encoding gene transcription and increase the content of butyric acid in the liver, which promotes fasting-induced adipose factor and reduces the accumulation of free fatty acids, ultimately leading to an improvement in the lipid metabolism of NAFLD patients. 27 , 28 We found synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce the level of TC (MD = −11.93; 95% CI [−20.43, −3.42], p = 0.006) and LDL (MD = −16.20; 95% CI [−19.79, −12.60], p < 0.0001) and increase the level of HDL (MD = 1.56; 95% CI [0.43, 2.68], p = 0.007) in NAFLD patients. Besides, we found a significant decrease in TC and LDL levels in the subgroup of BMI <30.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of synbiotics in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cai

Dong

Chen

et al. 2023

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the highest incidence of chronic liver disease worldwide, seriously endangering human health, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. In the recent years, increasing evidence has shown that intestinal flora plays an important role in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Synbiotics can alter gut microbiota and may be a treatment option for NAFLD in the future. Objectives: To systematically investigate the therapeutic effect of synbiotic supplementation on NAFLD patients. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Data sources and methods: We conducted a search on four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were then screened, and data from the included studies were extracted, combined, and analyzed. Result: This study analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials involving 634 patients with NAFLD. The results showed that synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce the level of alanine aminotransferase (mean difference (MD) = −8.80; (95% CI [−13.06, −4.53]), p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (MD = −9.48; 95% CI [−12.54, −6.43], p < 0.0001), and γ-glutamyl transferase (MD = −12.55; 95% CI [−19.40, −5.69], p = 0.0003) in NAFLD patients. In the field of metabolism, synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce the level of total cholesterol (MD = −11.93; 95% CI [−20.43, −3.42], p = 0.006) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = −16.2; 95% CI [−19.79, −12.60], p < 0.0001) and increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 1.56; 95% CI [0.43, 2.68], p = 0.007) in NAFLD patients. In addition, synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce liver stiffness measurement indicator (MD = −1.09; 95% CI [−1.87, −0.30], p = 0.006) and controlled attenuation parameter indicator (MD = −37.04; 95% CI [−56.78, −17.30], p = 0.0002) in NAFLD patients. Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, synbiotic supplementation can improve liver function, adjust lipid metabolism, and reduce the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, but these effects need to be confirmed by further studies.

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“…The ingestion/administration of probiotics may result in a decrease in harmful bacteria by modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites and improving the barrier function, thereby decreasing the translocation and concentration of serum LPS, which delay the progression of NAFLD via the negative signaling of LPS/TLR4 [103,105,110] as well as the oxidative stress caused by the interaction between LPS and TLR4 [108].…”

Section: Awoyemi Et Al [87]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in Metabolic Syndrome Treatment: A Narrative Review of What Is Known So Far

Egea¹,

Filho

Lemes

2023

IJMS

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by complex metabolic changes involving a cluster of co-occurring conditions, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and high LDL cholesterol levels or low HDL cholesterol levels. The incidence and risk factors of MetS occurrence increase every year. It is estimated that MetS affects approximately 30% of the population of some countries. Therefore, novel strategies are being studied to reduce the negative impact of having an unbalanced diet and a lack of physical activity. One of these strategies is the administration of probiotic microorganisms, such as the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, which has been associated with several beneficial health effects (including modulation of the intestinal microbiota and improvement of the inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory profiles). Thus, the objective of this study was to review the risk factors of MetS occurrence and the beneficial effects of S. boulardii ingestion in the treatment of MetS. Here, we critically evaluate the treatment necessary to promote these benefits. Using the pre-established inclusion criteria, eight studies were reviewed, including five animal and three human studies. The results reported the regulation of the lipid profile, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and gene expression, and a decrease in mass gain as positive results when S. boulardii was administered. Although more experiments are needed to validate these results, especially using human models, there is a trend toward improvement in MetS and a reduction in its risk factors with the administration of S. boulardii.

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Hepatoprotection of Probiotics Against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in vivo: A Systematic Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 93 publications

In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention

In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention

The effect of synbiotics in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Investigating the Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in Metabolic Syndrome Treatment: A Narrative Review of What Is Known So Far

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