Hepatoprotective Activity of Cnidoscolus Phyllacanthus Leaves Against D-Galactosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

Introduction: Plants have been utilized as a natural source of medicinal compounds for thousands of years. Humans use numerous plants and plant-derived products to cure and relieve various physical and mental illnesses. These plants are used in traditional Chinese, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Tibetan medicines. Ancient literature such as Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, CharakSamhita, and Sushrut Samhita also describes the use of plants for the treatment of various health problems. In recent times, the focus on plant research has increased worldwide, and a large body of evidence has been collected to show the immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems.Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus Phyllacanthus(ECP) leaves against D-galactosamine induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by D-Galactosamine (270 mg/kg body weight) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 14th day of a total two-week experiment. In contrast, the extract of the investigated plant was given orally throughout the whole experiment at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as a standard hepatoprotective drug.Results and Discussion: Histological studies showed that 400 mg/kg CP attenuated hepatocellular necrosis in d-GalN intoxicated rats. It was concluded from the results that the ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus Phyllacanthus leaves reduces D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Cnidoscolus quercifolis: A Review

“…A similar study was carried out by Sharma et al [74], in which it was observed that the ethanolic extract of the leaves at dosages of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg attenuated the increase in the serum levels of liver enzymes. The reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to normal values indicated that the repair of damaged tissues had occurred.…”

“…In the extracts of the seeds and the pressed cake, several phenolic compounds were observed, including syringic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), catechin (3), quercetin (4), vanillin ( 5), eugenol (6), vanillic acid (7), and, especially, gallic acid (8) [46]. Alves et al [48] investigated the chemical composition of essential oils from various parts of C. quercifolius (leaves, flowers and bark) obtained by hydrodistillation and, using GC-MS, identified 31 compounds in the leaves (9-11, 39-66), 30 compounds in the flowers (10,12,13,42,43,44,46,49,52,54,55,58,60,(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83), and 18 compounds in the stem bark (15,41,64,(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)…”

“…(E)-β-farnesene 55 Leaves, flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] Methyl-β-(E)-ionol 56 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] (E)-β-Ionene 57 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] Biciclogermacrene 58 Leaves, flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] β-Bisabolene 59 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] α-Cadinene 60 Leaves, flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] (E)-nerolidol 61 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] Curcumenol 62 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] Vetivenic acid 63 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] Cryptomeridiol 64 Leaves, stem bark GC-MS Essential oil [48] β-Vetivone 65 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] Isophytol 66 Leaves GC-MS Essential oil [48] α-Pinene 67 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] Sabinene 68 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] Myrcene 69 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] Dehydroxy-trans-Linalool oxide 70 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] Meta-mentha 1-( 7),8-diene 71 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] δ-2-Carene 72 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] α-Phellandrene 73 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] o-Cresol methyl ether 74 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] iso-sylvestrene 75 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil [48] δ-3-Carene 76 Flowers GC-MS Essential oil…”

Nutritional composition, bioactive components and health benefits of Chaya mansa

“…The proximate composition of Chaya mansa is described in the table 1. [30] Protein (%) 5.7-34.02 Kuri-GarcÃa & Guzmà (2017) [18] . Lipid (%) 0.4 Fiber (%) [33] Health Benefits of Chaya mansa Chaya mansa (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) is a leafy green vegetable that is widely consumed in many parts of the world, especially in Mexico and Central America, where it has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine and food.…”

Role of Growth Regulators on Quality and Yield of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees)

“…Andrographolide, the principal secondary metabolite of Andrographis paniculata, displaysa wide spectrum of medicinal activities. Andrographolide which is responsible for the curative properties such as antibiotic hepatoprotective (Handa and Sharma, 1990), antifungal (Sule et al, 2012), anti-HIV activity (Carlo et al, 2000, Xu et al, 1996, chikangunia virus (Wintachai et al, 2015), antipyreticand anti-inflammatory (Caceres et al, 1997), and cancerolytic (Matsuda et al, 1994) properties and used as an immunostimulant. The heavy demand for andrographolide in Indian as well as in international markets has motivated Indian farmers to start commercial cultivation of this important medicinal plant (Kanjilal et al, 2002).…”