Hepatoprotective Effect of Carob Pods Extract (Ceratonia siliqua L.) against Cyclophosphamide Induced Alterations in Rats

Abstract

Drugs used for treatment of cancerous diseases by mean of chemotherapy are often limited due to their severe undesirable side effects in multiple organs. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) belongs to class of the cytotoxic bifunctional alkylating agents. In the current study, it was revealed that CYP caused significant (P˂0.05) elevation in levels of different biochemical measurements. Carob extract exhibited beneficial effect through lowering of all elevated parameters. Furthermore, CYP caused decline in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in association with elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and significantly (P˂0.05) in liver tissue. Carob extract restored TAC and lowered LPO level. CYP caused several histopathological alterations in the hepatocytes and carob extract minimized severity of these alterations. The similarity index percent (SI %) in the native electrophoretic protein, lipoprotein and calcium moiety of protein patterns was represented by lowest values (87.50, 66.67 and 70.59, respectively) with the CYP-treated group. The SI % values increased in all carob treated groups. In all electrophoretic isoenzymes, the SI % value was represented by the lowest value (60.00, 66.67, 66.67 and 53.33 respectively with catalase (CAT), peroxidase (GPx), α- and β-esterase (EST) patterns) in CYP-treated group. While in all carob treated groups, the SI % value reached the highest value (100.00). Furthermore, CYP induced cleavage of the genomic DNA and the carob extract maintained the DNA integrity. The study concluded that carob showed ameliorative effect against alterations induced by CYP at biochemical, histopathological and molecular levels in liver tissue of rats.

Evaluation of the Biological Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Croton tiglium L. Seeds Extract against Azoxymethane Induced Colon Cancer in Rats

“…Furthermore, they exhibit an effective role in resistance of the tissues against the toxic agents (Surowiak et al, 2007). The alterations in these proteins might occur as a result of abnormal tissue mineralization (Abulyazid et al, 2017). During the current study, it was noticed that AOM caused changes in calcium moieties of the native protein.…”

“…This was in agreement with Aboulthana et al, (2016) who suggested that changing the fractional activity of different isoenzymes seemed to be correlated with the changes in rate of protein expression secondary to DNA damage induced by ROS. Consequently, this leads to structural changes in protein portion of native enzymes (Abulyazid et al, 2017). No changes occurred in the enzymatic activities, if there were no alterations in the protein expression (Djordjevic et al, 2010).…”

“…The stained calcium moieties appeared as yellow bands. The Rf, B% and Qty% of the calcium moiety bands were determined (Zacharia and Kakati, 2004 ;Abulyazid et al, 2017). iv) Electrophoretic isoenzymes (zymography): Non-denatured PAGE is used for detecting the enzyme activity through identification of the enzyme subunits.…”

Evaluation of the Hepato- and Neuroprotective Effect of Chemical Constituents in Saussurea costus Extract Against the Toxicity Induced by Chloropyrofos Ethyl in Rats

“…If there was no alteration in the protein expression, enzymatic activity of these two proteins was not altered. Furthermore, the alterations in the electrophoretic isoenzymes might refer to attack of the free radicals that are directly targeting on the nucleic acids responsible for the enzyme biosynthesis [70,71]. The S. costus extract exhibited antioxidative properties due to presence of the polyphenols that exhibit an effective role in protection and/or maintaining the macromolecule integrity against products of the oxidative reactions [72].…”

Impact of heavy metals on Oreochromis niloticus fish and using Electrophoresis as Bio-indicator for environmental pollution of Rosetta branch, River Nile, Egypt

“…Moreover, lipid and calcium moieties of the native proteins were stained by mean of isoelectrophoresis using Sudan Black B and Alizarin Red S respectively as suggested earlier. 17,18 Electrophoretic localization of in-gel enzyme activity:…”