Hepatoprotective Effect of Curcumin Nano-Lipid Carrier against Cypermethrin Toxicity by Countering the Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Apoptotic Changes in Wistar Rats

Abstract

This study investigated the potential hepatoprotective activity of curcumin-incorporated nano-lipid carrier (Cur-NLC) against cypermethrin (Cyp) toxicity in adult Wistar male rats. All animals in groups III, IV, V, and VI were subjected to Cyp (50 mg/kg) toxicity for 15 days. Three different doses of Cur-NLC (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day) were administered orally for 10 days. The toxic effects were evaluated considering the increases in serum hepatic biomarkers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin, and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as a decrease in antioxidative activity (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase) and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Immunohistochemistry studies of proteins (NF-κB, Apaf-1, 4-HNE, and Bax) showed enhanced expression, and histopathological examination revealed architectural changes in liver cells, indicating liver toxicity in animals. Toxicity was determined by quantitative and qualitative determinations of DNA fragmentation, which show massive apoptosis with Cyp treatment. The administration of Cur-NLC significantly ameliorates all changes caused by Cyp, such as a decrease in the levels of serum liver markers, an increase in antioxidative parameters, a decrease in expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB), and apoptosis (caspases-3, 9, Apaf-1, 4-HNE, and Bax), according to calorimetric and immunohistochemistry studies. The smear-like pattern of DNA is ameliorated similarly to the control at a high dose of Cur-NLC. Furthermore, all histopathological changes were reduced to a level close to the control. In conclusion, Cur-NLC could be a potent nutraceutical that exhibits a hepatoprotective effect against Cyp-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Nano‐selenium relieved hepatic and renal oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats

“…The hepatic malfunction was obvious from increased serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP and decreased blood concentration of albumin and total protein in the PTU group compared with the control group. These results were in agreement with the results of previous studies (Hussain et al, 2023; Song et al, 2022). Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin are also additional markers for liver function; however, they were not measured in the current study.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Nano-Curcumin against Cypermethrin Associated Oxidative Stress and Up-Regulation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Rat Brains

“…NC was prepared and characterized successfully by the methods reported earlier by our group [ 23 ]. The average particle size was observed to be 60.58 ± 4.16 d.nm ( n = 3), with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.252 ± 0.019 ( n = 3).…”

“…Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing curcumin (nano-curcumin) were prepared using the hot homogenization method, as reported earlier [ 23 ]. Briefly, the molten solid lipid (stearic acid) was mixed with liquid lipid and curcumin was added and mixed.…”

“…Genomic DNA was isolated from 50 mg of brain tissue and homogenized in a digestion buffer, as described by the manufacturer (QIAamp DNA–QIAGEN). The isolated DNA samples were further quantified by Spectrophotometers, as described earlier [ 23 ]. To examine DNA fragmentation, 15 µg samples from each group were loaded onto 1.5% agarose gel, holding 0.5 µg/mL of ethidium bromide.…”

Nanoparticles Based on Chondroitin Sulfate from Tuna Heads and Chitooligosaccharides for Enhanced Water Solubility and Sustained Release of Curcumin

“…As a result, numerous strategies have been proposed, such as structural modification and the use of drug-delivery systems [ 19 , 20 , 27 , 28 ]. Effective methods for enhancing CU bioavailability recently include the use of adjuvants [ 20 ], CU-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) [ 29 ], certain CU nanoformulations, CU combination therapy [ 30 ], CU-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) [ 31 , 32 ], and CU-loaded biomimetic nanomedicines [ 33 ] due to advances in drug-delivery technology.…”