Hepatoprotective Effects of Hovenia dulcis Fruit on Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

The hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract from Hovenia dulcis fruit (HD) against ethanol-induced oxidative damage was investigated. Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and liver damage on HepG2/2E1 cells were protected by 100 μg/mL ethanolic extract from HD. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups; control (NC), ethanol (ET), ethanol plus 1 g/kg body weight ethanolic extract of HD (ET-HD). The activities of serum alanine amintransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group. However, ET-HD group showed protective effect by lowering serum activities. The ET group markedly decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) with the reduced level of glutathione (GSH) in liver. On the other hand, ET-HD group increased the activities of SOD and GST, and the level of GSH. Lipid peroxidation level, which was increased after ethanol administration, was significantly reduced in ET-HD group. Based upon these results, it could be assumed that ethanolic extract of HD protected the liver against ethanol-induced oxidative damage by possibly inhibiting the suppression of antioxidant activity and reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, extract of Hovenia dulcis fruit might be used as a protective agent for ethanol-induced hepatic damages.

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to the efficacy and Safety of NMED-01 and NMED-02 in Mild Alcoholic Liver Subjects

“…간기능 개선효과의 유효성 검사 항목인 γ -GTP, AST, ALT, TG의 결과를 종합하여 연령, γ -GTP, AST, ALT의 baseline 값을 보정한 후 각 유효성 평가지표의 변화치를 분석한 결과 γ -GTP에서만 군 간 차이가 유의하게(p=0.046) 나타났으며 AST, ALT, TG의 변화치는 군 간 유의하지 않았다. 26,[53][54] .…”

“…밀크씨슬은 천연 항산화제로 간보호 효능이 알려져 있으나 , 지구자(枳 椇子)라는 한약명으로 『唐本草』에 처음 기재된 이래 열매자 루가 달린 열매 또는 씨를 사용하고 있으며 [8][9] , 甘酸, 平하여 養陰生津, 補中益氣, 潤腸通便, 解酒毒의 효능으로 熱病煩渴, 嘔吐呃逆, 小兒疳積, 小便不利, 飮酒中毒 등에 사용되어 왔다 10) . 枳椇子에는 (+)-ampelopsin, laricetrin, myricetin, (+)-gallocatechin 등의 flavonoid류, hovenitin I, II, III 등의 flavonol류, frangulanine 등 alkaloid류 [11][12] , hovenidulciosides A1, A2, B1, B2 등 [13][14] 의 triterpene glycoside류 성분 등이 함유되어 있으며 항산화1 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , 아질산 염 소거 19) , 알코올 분해 6,[19][20] , 항암 [21][22] , 항돌연변이 22) , 지질 개선 22) , 항당뇨 15,23) , 간보호 6,[11][12]14,[24][25][26][27][28][29] 등이 보고되어 있다.…”

“…枳椇子와 葛根은 동물실험을 통하여 간보호 효과가 있는 것 으로 알려져 있다. 枳椇子 에탄올추출물은 사염화탄소(CCl4) 또 는 알코올 유도 급성 간손상 동물모델에서 혈청의 AST, ALT 증가를 억제하고 [26][27][28] , MDA, hydroxyproline 증가를 억제함 이 보고되어 있다 27,29) . 枳椇子 열수추출물은 CCl4 또는 D-galactosamine/LPS 유도 간손상 모델에서 혈장 내 AST, ALT, LDH, ALP 수준을 감소시키며 6,12,24) , 알코올 유도 간손 상 동물모델에서도 혈중 알코올 농도를 저하시키고 혈장 내 AST 수준을 감소시켜 간보호 효과를 나타냄이 보고되었다 6,46) .…”

Physicochemical properties and physiological activity of bean sprouts extract containing Hovenia dulcis Thunb concentrates

“…Hovenia dulcis Thunb. is a deciduous broadleaved tree of the Rhamnaceae family that is cultivated in regions of East Asia, including Korea, Japan, and China (Choi et al, 2014;You et al, 2009). The H. dulcis Thunb.…”

Effects of different factors on friable callus induction and establishment of cell suspension culture of Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae)

“…Its medicinal properties were reviewed by Hyun and co-workers (2010). Among these properties, antineoplastic (Park & Chang 2007), and hepatoprotective (Fang et al 2007;You et al 2009) effects have been of particular interest. But pharmacological effects, such as antifatigue, antidiabetic and antigiardia have been achieved too (Na et al 2013;Yang et al 2019;Gadelha et al 2005).…”