Hepatoprotective effects of Tagetes lucida root extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats through amelioration of oxidative stress

Abstract

Context The roots of Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Objective This study aimed to examine the hepatoprotective effects of T. lucida roots ethanol extract (TLRE) using carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods The active ingredients of TLRE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, infra-red spectrum, and mass spectrometric procedures. Ninety rats were distributed into four main groups: positive, therapeutic, protective, and negative group. The therapeutic group was implemented using CCl 4 (a single dose of 2 mL/kg) before TLRE or silymarin administration. Meanwhile, the protective group was implemented by administering CCl 4 (a single dose of 2 mL/kg) after force-feeding TLRE or silymarin. Each therapeutic and protective group was divided into three subgroups: force-fed with saline, TLRE (500 mg/kg), and silymarin (25 mg/kg). The positive group was split into two subgroups that were force-fed TLRE and silymarin. Positive, therapeutic, and protective groups were compared to the negative group (untreated rats). CCl 4, TLRE, and silymarin were orally administrated using a gastric tube. Results In the therapeutic and protective groups, TLRE significantly reduced liver enzymes, i.e., aspartate aminotransferase (12.47 and 6.29%), alanine aminotransferase (30.48 and 11.39%), alkaline phosphatase (17.28 and 15.90%), and cytochrome P450-2E1 (39.04 and 48.24%), and tumour necrosis factor-α (53.72 and 53.72%) in comparison with CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity controls. Conclusions TLRE has a potent hepatoprotective effect with a good safety margin. After a repeated study on another type of small experimental animal, their offspring, and an experiment with a large animal, this study may lead to clinical trials.

Photoprotective Agents Obtained from Aromatic Plants Grown in Colombia: Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Assessment of Cytotoxic Potential in Cancer Cell Lines of Cymbopogon flexuosus L. and Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oils

“…Tagetes lucida is commonly known as "pericón", "hierba anis o hierba de Santa Maria", "marigold", and "winter tarragon" [52]. This species has been used as a herbal remedy for fever treatment, anxiety, irritability, depression, stomach disorders, rheumatism, tumors, asthma, and flu [53]. Pharmacological studies have reported antimicrobial, antileishmanial, anti-aggregate, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, and antihyperglycemic activities [52][53][54][55][56].…”

“…This species has been used as a herbal remedy for fever treatment, anxiety, irritability, depression, stomach disorders, rheumatism, tumors, asthma, and flu [53]. Pharmacological studies have reported antimicrobial, antileishmanial, anti-aggregate, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, and antihyperglycemic activities [52][53][54][55][56]. Olivero-Verbel et al reported the antioxidant activity of T. lucida EO expressed in half-maximal effective concentration EC 50 of 37.9 µg/mL using the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) method [1].…”

Herniarin, Dimethylfraxetin and Extracts from Tagetes lucida, in Psychosis Secondary to Ketamine and Its Interaction with Haloperidol

“…Recent studies evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of hexane and acetone extract of the species in a model of ear edema induced with TPA finding an inhibition of inflammation of 92.7 and 75.9% and from which five coumarins were isolated, among which found HN and DF [ 13 ]. Likewise, El-Newary et al [ 14 ] reported the antioxidant effect of the species by modulating biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in a CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity model. It has also been shown to have CNS effects by its antidepressant properties mediated by 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in the forced swimming test in rats [ 15 ], anxiolytic and sedative effects in experimental models in mice such as open field, exploration cylinder, hole plate, maze plus and potentiation of barbiturate-induced hypnosis [ 16 ] and analgesic properties by involving the participation of receptors like opioids, benzodiazepines, and Serotonin 1A receptor 5-HT, as well as nitric oxide.…”

“…[ 17 ] reported that the aqueous extract (1–5 g/kg), administered orally to rats, did not induce signs of gastric toxicity or digestive hemorrhage, and administered orally to mice in the acute toxicity test, showed no toxic effect. El-Newary et al [ 14 ] evaluated toxicity by the Bruce method at 0.5, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/kg, reporting that the species was safe at the maximum dose. Likewise, Guadarrama-Cruz et al [ 18 ] reported that the aqueous extract of T. lucida shows no signs of toxicity or mortality in acute toxicity tests, so this extract provides an introductory level of safety when combined with the lack of severe side effects reported in its use in traditional medicine.…”

Efecto de Tagetes lucida Cav sobre parámetros asociados con la esquizofrenia experimental en diferentes modelos de psicosis en ratón

“…Recent studies evaluated the antiinflammatory activity of hexane and acetone extract of the species in a model of ear edema induced with TPA finding an inhibition of inflammation of 92.7 and 75.9% and from which five coumarins were isolated, among which found HN and DF [13]. Likewise, El-Newary et al [14] reported the antioxidant effect of the species by modulating biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in a CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity model. It has also been shown to have CNS effects by its antidepressant properties mediated by 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in the forced swimming test in rats [15], anxiolytic and sedative effects in experimental models in mice such as open field, exploration cylinder, hole plate, maze plus and potentiation of barbiturate-induced hypnosis [16] and analgesic properties by involving the participation of receptors like opioids, benzodiazepines, and Serotonin 1A receptor 5-HT, as well as nitric oxide.…”