Myrtus communis L. (MC) family Myrtaceae, is cultivated in Egypt as an ornamental plant. The essential oil (EO) isolated from different parts of the plant reported for many pharmacological activities. Myrtus black and white (MB &MW) are two varieties of Myrtus diverse from each other in the color of berries; the EO was prepared from the fresh aerial parts of both varieties through hydrodistillation. The EO was screened for its free radicals scavenging activity by five different methods (DPPH, ABTS, NO, SOR, LP) and with Vit. C & BHT as reference standard. It was noticed that the scavenging activity of MB at all used conc. (125 to 1000 µg/mL) was more potent than MW. Screening of the cytotoxic activities of the EO of MB and MW on five cancer cell line (PC3, MCF-7, A549, HepG-2, HCT-116 )& one normal cell line (Rpel-1) revealed that both EO of the two varieties had activity against PC3&MCF-7 with IC50; 4.7±0.15, 14.2±0.35, 45.2±0.67, 50.5±0.6 compared with Doxrubacin standard 24±0.26, 26.1±0.4, respectively. MB& MW oil are safe on Rpel-1 (normal cell line). The α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity of the oils was investigated using acarbose as reference inhibitor. Both MB&MW have activity more than the standard at 125μg/ml 36. 24±0.146; 32.14±.188, 23.16±0.190 and also at the highest conc. (1000 µg/mL) 96.22±0.140, 89.48±.106, 88.81±0.690, respectively. Study of the chemical constituents of the EO by GC/MS analysis resulted in the identification of 25 compounds from both species constituting 99.21% & 99.96% of the total peak area of the identified compound, respectively. The major compounds are α-

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Context The roots of Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Objective This study aimed to examine the hepatoprotective effects of T. lucida roots ethanol extract (TLRE) using carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods The active ingredients of TLRE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, infra-red spectrum, and mass spectrometric procedures. Ninety rats were distributed into four main groups: positive, therapeutic, protective, and negative group. The therapeutic group was implemented using CCl 4 (a single dose of 2 mL/kg) before TLRE or silymarin administration. Meanwhile, the protective group was implemented by administering CCl 4 (a single dose of 2 mL/kg) after force-feeding TLRE or silymarin. Each therapeutic and protective group was divided into three subgroups: force-fed with saline, TLRE (500 mg/kg), and silymarin (25 mg/kg). The positive group was split into two subgroups that were force-fed TLRE and silymarin. Positive, therapeutic, and protective groups were compared to the negative group (untreated rats). CCl 4, TLRE, and silymarin were orally administrated using a gastric tube. Results In the therapeutic and protective groups, TLRE significantly reduced liver enzymes, i.e., aspartate aminotransferase (12.47 and 6.29%), alanine aminotransferase (30.48 and 11.39%), alkaline phosphatase (17.28 and 15.90%), and cytochrome P450-2E1 (39.04 and 48.24%), and tumour necrosis factor-α (53.72 and 53.72%) in comparison with CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity controls. Conclusions TLRE has a potent hepatoprotective effect with a good safety margin. After a repeated study on another type of small experimental animal, their offspring, and an experiment with a large animal, this study may lead to clinical trials.

Bovine mastitis is very important disease threatening the dairy industry and animal wealth globally, resulting in great economic losses. The present work was aimed to assess the phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and the antibacterial effectiveness of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (BAF) and Curcuma longa powder (CLP) extracts. A total of 287 quarter milk samples were collected from dairy cows raised in four different governorates of Egypt; 95 from clinical mastitis, 37 from subclinical mastitis and 155 from normal milk samples. The isolates from milk samples were identified and differentiated by microbiological cultures, colony morphology, hemolytic activity of the colony, Gram's stain and biochemical tests. Antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of BAF (AE-BAF) and ethanolic extract of CLP (EE-CLP) at different concentrations were investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows using agar well diffusion technique. The isolated bacteria from collected milk samples were Staphylococcus aureus (30.30%), Escherichia coli (28.03%), Streptococcus agalactiae (19.70%), Salmonella spp. (10.60%), Bacillus subtilis (6.06%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.03%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.27%). Preliminary phytochemical screening of AE-BAF indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids and steroids. Except the cardiac glycoside, the EE-CLP contains the same components. The antioxidant efficacy of the tested plant extracts was evaluated by using free radical scavenging assay method. The AE-BAF and EE-CLP posses 86.6% and 85.9% free radical scavenging activity with 1.5 and 0.125 mg /ml concentrations, respectively. The AE-BAF possess significant antibacterial activity at 400 and 800 mg/ml against all isolates, except K. pneumoniae which was not suppressed at the 400 mg/ml concentration. The significant (P ≤ 0.05) antibacterial activities of EE-CLP were observed at 20 and 50 mg/ml concentrations. It could be concluded that AE-BAF and EE-CLP exhibited potent in-vitro antibacterial activities, thus justifying their application in treatment of clinical cases of bovine mastitis.