Hepatoprotective effects of the decoction and macerated leaves of Rhamnus alaternus L. on rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride

Abstract

The plant of Ramnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae) has been object of many therapeutic indications for traditional medicine. Many studies have showed a hepatoprotective activity of R. alaternus L. The objective of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activities of decoction and macerated R. Alaternus L. leaves extracts on rats initially exposed to carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 (1 ml/kg). The macerated leaves (250 mg/kg body weight) showed a highly significant hepatoprotective activity (p < 0.01) expressed by a significant decrease in enzymatic biochemical markers such as total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases (GOT and GPT). Mean serum biochemical marker levels were 4.5 ± 0.9 mg/dL, 143 ± 3.7, 43.5 ± 9.2 and 32.2 ± 5.1 U/L, respectively. These results illustrate the dominance of the hepatoprotective pharmacological activity of macerated R. alaternus L. leaves.

Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytochemicals, and Pharmacological Activities of Genus Rhamnus: A review

“…Campbell et al, (2019) reported essential oils from the leaves of R. prinoides of which 4-hydroxy-4methyl-2-pentanone and ethyl 4-ethoxybenzoate score more than 85% and exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity (113). In a related study, Chouitah et al, (2012) (GOT),Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and total bilirubin and significantly attenuated the deleterious histopathologic changes in the liver after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxication (14).…”

“…Summary of pharmacological activity of Rhamanus species is presented in Table 3 below. Extract reduced levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and total bilirubin and significantly attenuated deleterious histopathological changes in the liver (14) Anti-inflammatory R. alaternus ethanol Stem bark Carrageenaninduced rat paw edema assay extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition of 54.50% and 54.77% after 3 hr and 4 hr of treatment as compared the standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed the inhibition of 50.46%, and 51.78% after 3hr and 4hr of treatment, respectively…”

“…The present review endeavors to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of documented biological activities and phytochemistry of the genus and provided valuable information in support of its uses as an alternative medicine for future healthcare practice. (14,15).…”

Rhamnus alaternus Plant: Extraction of Bioactive Fractions and Evaluation of Their Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties

“…Former authors observed that the methanolic maceration was better for extracting flavonoids than both aqueous maceration and aqueous decoction [21]. In another study, Berroukche and coworkers compared the same former extraction processes applied on leaves of Rhamnus alaternus to study their antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects [49]. The results of their investigation proved that leaves extracts obtained by maceration were better and more effective than those obtained by decoction in terms of bioactivity.…”