Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity following long-term prenatal exposure of paracetamol in the neonatal rat: is betaine protective?

Abstract

BackgroundParacetamol is one of the widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug around the world. Many researchers showed that paracetamol caused to hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity.ObjectiveIn the present study, we aimed to determine whether betaine has protective effects on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in neonate rats, following to long term maternal paracetamol exposure.Materials and methodsRandomly chosen neonates, from the neonate pools, were divided into three groups; Control (n=13), APAP (n=13), and APAP+Betaine (n=13). Physiological saline, paracetamol (30 mg/kg/day), and paracetamol (30 mg/kg/day)+betaine (800 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to the relevant groups during the pregnancy period (approximately 21 day). Following to the birth, neonates were decapitated under anaesthesia and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histological analyses.ResultsThe statistical analysis showed that, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increase significantly in APAP group, while paraoxonase, arylesterase activity and glutathione levels decrease. After the betaine administration, glutathione levels, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities increased while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels decreased in APAP+betaine group. These biochemical findings also were supported by histological results.ConclusionIn this study, our biochemical and histological findings indicate that betaine can protect the tissue injury caused by paracetamol.

Oxidative brain and cerebellum injury induced byd‐galactosamine: Protective effect ofS‐methyl methionine sulfonium chloride

“…[ 21,61 ] ArE and XO have been reported to act as free radical scavengers. [ 21,62 ] The present work indicates that AChE, LDH, and XO activities considerably increased, whereas ArE and CA activities remarkably dropped in GalN given rats. An alteration of AChE, ArE, CA, and LDH and XO activities of brain and cerebellum tissues of the GalN group seems to be a cellular response to excessive formation of free radicals.…”

“…[21,61] ArE and XO have been reported to act as free radical scavengers. [21,62] cerebellum tissues of the GalN group seems to be a cellular response to excessive formation of free radicals. In a study examining the relationship between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis), the changes in oxidative stress markers (increased TOS and decreased TAS levels) were associated with a decrease in ArE activities.…”

Alleviative effect of betaine against copper oxide nanoparticles-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats: histopathological, biochemical, and molecular studies

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Organic osmolyte betaine mitigates the deleterious effects of Diclofenac in vivo in wistar albino rats

“…The antioxidant property of betaine is also evident from its protective effects against myocardial infarction induced in male albino rats (Ganesan et al, 2010). Betaine also exerts protective effects against hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage by regulating oxidative stress (Jiang et al, 2019;Özkoç et al, 2020).…”