Heptachlor in Alfalfa, Distribution, Movement, and Persistence of Heptachlor and Its Epoxide in Alfalfa Plants and Soil

Abstract

lower rate of methyl bromide usage. The tolerance of cabbage, cipollini, garlic, and yams to such fumigation has been discussed by Roth and Richardson {9, 10).Residues in yams (Table III) from atmospheric pressure fumigation (NAP) are variable, but generally lower at 55°F. than at 80°to 86°F. The residue from the vacuum fumigation at 80°F. is about the same as would be produced by an atmospheric fumigation at that temperature. Peas show little temperature dependence in this study. The residue levels in the honeydew melons are all below the level of sensitivity of the x-ray fluorescence method used.Fumigation of apples results in a very low rate of bromide residue accumulation (Table III), similar to peaches and plums (Table I). The residue in blueberries, slightly higher, is comparable with grapes and cherries (Table I).Cabbage accumulates residue at a significantly higher rate, comparable with carrots and peppers (Table I) and yams (Table III). Although the results are not directly comparable because of different chamber loading, the residues on cabbage after 15-inch sustained vacuum fumigation appear slightly higher than those after atmospheric pressure fumigation in two paired tests at 34°and 51°F.

Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops

“…In the 1950s and 1960s E. P. Lichtenstein, an entomologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, published extensively on the persistence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soil and their translocation in plants (Lichtenstein, 1959(Lichtenstein, , 1960Schulz, 1960, 1965;Lichtenstein et al, 1965a). Most of Lichtenstein's work, as well as that of others (Harris et al, 1967;Ahrens et al, 1968), focused on root crops, although cucumbers (Lichtenstein, 1960;Lichtenstein et al, 1965b), lettuce (Lichtenstein, 1960), alfalfa (King et al, 1966), and soybeans (Bruce et al, 1966) were included in some trials.…”

Residue Reviews

“…Residues were detectable up to 44 months later. KING et al (1966) also studied heptachlor and its epoxide residues in alfalfa after fall application of one lb./ acre in granular fertilizer. Second and third cuttings held higher residues than the first cutting, silage and green chop alfalfa more than hay, and the crown and roots were highly contaminated.…”

Effects of exposure time and co-existing organic compounds on uptake of atrazine from nutrient solution by rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)

“…Crops are subject to contamination by pesticides and organic wastes via root and/or foliage contact [1][2][3]. The need to understand how the various parameters affect the plant uptake has led to a series of investigations on the process [4,5].…”