Human epidermal growth factor (HER2) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. Its increased level prognoses a poor patient outcome and a high mortality rate. Despite the widening spectrum of therapies that are becoming available to treat HER2+ breast cancer, its side effects and resistance still make this protein a valuable object of research in targeted tumor therapy. The role of tumor-targeting peptides has become more and more prominent in the last few decades due to their simple synthesis and pharmakokinetic properties. Here, we examine two fluorescently-labeled HER2-specific peptides and their combined analogues that are developed to target the extracellular region of HER2. The peptides are investigated on breast cancer cell lines with different HER2 expression profiles. Moreover, their extracellular localization and specificity are confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Therefore, a new, combined HER2 binding conjugate is obtained that interacts with HER2-overexpressing cells with high affinity and specificity. Furthermore, secondary structure prediction reveals that the α-helical content of the peptides is associated with their receptor recognition. This highly specific conjugate can be used as a starting point for diagnostical or drug-targeting purposes in upcoming studies.Biomolecules 2020, 10, 183 2 of 17 receptors. The only exception is HER2, which does not directly bind to any known ligands [3]. HER2 can form heterodimers with all three other members of the protein family, or, in the case of an elevated receptor concentration (such as the case in cancer), it can be found as homodimers as well. The most potent heterodimer consists of HER2 and HER3, and it is considered to be the most active signaling complex among tyrosine kinase dimers. Upon ligand binding, phosphorylation occurs and activates several downstream signaling pathways: the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and the Ras/Raf mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Consequently, cell proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis inhibition is enhanced [4].Under normal circumstances, HER2 plays a vital role in mitogenic signaling, and the expression level of HER2 remains stable. However, when the overexpression of HER2 occurs, it can disrupt the dynamic balance of many cellular mechanisms and lead to uncontrollable tumor growth because: (i) Overexpression makes excessive HER2 receptors available to form extra heterocomplexes, (ii) HER2 may strengthen the affinity of ligand-binding for other receptors, (iii) HER2 might weaken the specificity of its heterodimerization partners, (iv) HER2-engaged dimerization can activate proliferation and survival, and (v) HER2-containing heterodimers may escape from the internalization or degradation of HER2 dimers. All these processes lead to increased tumorigenesis and metastasis [5,6].Because HER2 has a crucial role in poor breast cancer prognosis, several therapies have been developed in the last decades to target this receptor. ...