Herbage weight or biomass is an important characteristic for range vegetation since it supports directly or indirectly all consumer groups. Plant biomass is also important as a measure of dominance in plant communities. Many methods have been devised to estimate plant biomass, but all have some limitations. Estimation techniques, either by plot or plant, often involve a double sampling procedure to improve on the estimates. Direct harvesting is a destructive sampling procedure which is often used when biomass is the response measured in research studies. Precipitation has been used as an independent variable to predict end-of-season biomass. However, considerable data are necessary to develop reliable relationships. Capacitance meters, biomass meters, and p-attenuation techniques have promise for specific situations, but have not received widespread support among range researchers and ecologists. All these techniques require considerable calibration before they can be used for specific situations. Plant biomass data are useful for establishing dominance of individual species, estimating livestock stocking rates, and determining range condition.
IntroductionMeasurement of plant biomass or standing crop has been of interest to range workers for some time because herbivores depend directly upon plant biomass for their food. Interest in production ecology is of more recent emphasis by plant ecologists, particularly during the International Biological Program Studies during the 1970's (Milner and Hughes 1968). These studies illustrate the importance of plant biomass as an indicator of general ecological importance of individual plants and communities.