Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Malaria: Vernonia amygdalina: An Overview of Evidence and Pharmacology

Njan, Anoka A.

doi:10.5772/30381

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…(Asteraceae), commonly known as bitter leaf is a small shrub, an edible rainforest, growing in tropical Africa where it is used for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. It has been reported to have antimalarial [35], antimicrobial, antitumoral [36], antihypertensive [37], antinociceptive, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and anticancer [38,39] properties. The ethanol extract of the leaf showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity on P. falciparum with IC 50 of 9.82 µg/mL [40].…”

Section: Vernonia Amygdalinamentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Ajayi

Elujoba

Okella

et al. 2020

EJMP

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Aim: Medicinal plants have played an important role in the treatment of different ailments including malaria in developing countries particularly in Africa. This study has evaluated the antimalarial activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poaceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Grey (Asteraceae) and Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) which are commonly-used for malaria treatment in Uganda. Study Design: This is an experimental laboratory report on antimalarial activities of some Ugandan medicinal plants for subsequent profiling in an herbal pharmacopoeia and eventual drug development. Place and Duration of Study: The Animal Research Facility and the Clinical and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, between July 2019 and March 2020. Methodology: The antimalarial activity of the hot infusion of each leaf was evaluated on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice using 4-day test at 100 – 400 mg/kg with chloroquine (10 mg/kg) and artemether-lumefantrine (4 mg/kg) as positive controls; and distilled water as negative control. The observed haematological responses of the animals were determined with an automated haematometer. Results: The results showed dose-dependent activities in the animals treated with the extract of each plant leaf in varying degrees. Thus, V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia showed the highest antimalarial activities with the chemosuppression values of 75% and 66% at 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results of V. amygdalina, T. diversifolia and M. oleifera, extracts gave the lowest ED50 of 141, 195 and 231 mg/kg, respectively being significantly different from A. indica (ED50 319 mg/kg) and C. citratus (ED50 346 mg/kg) with V. amygdalina as the most potent extract among the five plant leaves. Conclusion: The observed activities of the five plants have therefore supported their folkloric uses as antimalarial remedies by the Ugandan traditional medicine practitioners with obvious potentials for drug development.

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Section: Vernonia Amygdalinamentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Ajayi

Elujoba

Okella

et al. 2020

EJMP

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“…It is a native tropical plant commonly known as bitter leaf plant, due to the presence of bitter antinutritional phytochemicals in its leaves [9]. It is locally known as omubirizi and omululuza in western and central Uganda [10], ndole in Cameroon, tuntwano in Tanzania, and omugbu in Nigeria [11]. The plant is native to tropical Africa, widely found on the riverside, lake areas, forests, grasslands, and cultivated plantations at an altitude of about 2800 m with an average annual rainfall of 750-2000 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Wound Healing Activity of the Leaf and Leaf Ash Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in Rats

Kahwa

2023

Preprint

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Background Species in genus Vernonia (Asteraceae) are traditionally used in the management of different ailments for instance the leaves in both fresh and dry forms have been used in dressing wounds. Anecdotal reports show that ash of Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina) has been utilised in the treatment of wounds, however there are no scientific reports to substantiate this claim. Thus, the present study focused on comparing the wound-healing activity of its leaf and leaf ash extracts. Methods In this study, the wound healing activity of V. amygdalina leaf was carried out in Wistar Albino rats in an excision wound model using its aqueous extract (AE), and leaf ash (LA) at concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3% (w/v). Mupirocin ointment and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The wound diameter was measured every 3 days from day 1 to day 22 and the results were used to calculate the percentage of wound reduction in all groups. Results Significant wound healing activity was observed in all groups except 3% (w/v) AE, against the negative control group (p<0.05). Group 2 (1% AE), group 5 (1% LA), and group 6 (2% LA) showed faster wound healing than the positive control (p<0.05). Leaf ash was shown to have the best wound healing activity, and its lower concentrations worked better than the category of the same concentrations in aqueous extracts. Conclusions Our findings have for the first time confirmed the traditional claim of using V. amygdalina ash in the treatment of topical wounds.

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“…"The antioxidant phytochemicals are often attributed to the therapeutic efficacy of several medicinal plants and the screening of plants with potential bioactive properties is on the increase as well as the concomitant isolation and characterization of these bioactive principles for prevention and combating a wide array of diseases" [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Potentials of the Ethanol Leave Extracts of four Medicinal Plants

Ogunjinmi

Oriyomi

Olasunkanmi

2023

EJMP

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For many years, medicinal plants have been a resource for healing in several local communities around the world and the phytochemicals in them such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic, tannins, and terpenoids are attributed to their many medicinal values. Vernonia amydalina, Senna alata, Jatropha curcas, and Grewia pubescens are important plants with immense value. In this study, phytochemical screening, antioxidant analysis and the potential anti-hyperglycemic properties of the plants was investigated in-vitro. The ethanol leave extracts of the plants were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and tannin, flavonoids and phenol quantification. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical inhibition of the extracts was done by spectrophotometric method while the anti-diabetic potential was analyzed through the in-vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Phytochemicals detected in the ethanol leave extracts of the four plants are tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and saponins. Flavonoids, phenols, and tannin content were highest in Senna alata (0.27±0.0.002 mg: mg of rutin per g of extract, 10.63±0.0.017 mg: mg of gallic acid per g of extract, and 6.72±0.06 mg/g respectively) followed by V. amygdalina (0.20±00.002 mg: mg of rutin per g of extract, 8.27±0.0.017 mg: mg of gallic acid per g of extract, and 7.98±0.03 mg/g respectively). While the least content of all was found in the extracts of Jatropha curcas. Concentration dependent and statistically significant difference was observed in both the FRAP and DPPH radical inhibition of all the extracts. Senna alata showed the strongest reducing power followed by the V. amygdalina. Both Senna alata and V. amygdalina showed DPPH radical inhibition that is not significantly (p>0.05) different from that of trolox. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition was also demonstrated in a concentration dependent manner. In both the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, V. amygdalina and S. alata exhibited the most significant inhibitory properties among the plant extracts. The overall result in this study suggested that V. amygdalina, S. alata with the highest content of the phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities are potential source of antioxidant constituents and might be useful for the management of diseases such as diabetes.

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Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Malaria: Vernonia amygdalina: An Overview of Evidence and Pharmacology

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Comparison of the Wound Healing Activity of the Leaf and Leaf Ash Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in Rats

Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Potentials of the Ethanol Leave Extracts of four Medicinal Plants

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