Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions

Muthamilselvan, Thangarasu; Kuo, Tien Fen; Wu, Yueh Chen; Yang, Wu-Chang

doi:10.1155/2016/2657981

Cited by 130 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The mode of action of CTs was suspected to be penetration of the wall of the oocyst and damage to the cytoplasm since the tannins could inactivate endogenous enzymes responsible for the sporulation process. This was further supported by the appearance of abnormal sporocysts in oocysts [32,33]. This report is also an agreement with the above finding as remarkable reduction in fecal egg counts of Haemonchus and coccidian oocytes in growing goats fed on babul pod meal of this region particularly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pod meal on hematobiochemical profile and fecal egg count in goats

Paswan

Kumar

et al. 2016

Vet World

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Aim:This study was conducted to observe the effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pod meal on hematobiochemical profile and gastrointestinal parasitic load in growing goats.Materials and Methods:To experiment was conducted for a period of 3-month on 24 male goats (3½ month old, average body weight [BW] 6.50±1.50 kg), distributed into four groups of six animals each. The experimental animals were fed graded level of A. nilotica pod meal (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) mixed in concentrate mixture equivalent to tannin concentration of 0%, 1.91%, 3.82% and 5.73% in the total mixed ration I, II, III and IV, respectively, but ad libitum measured quantity of green sorghum fodder (Sorghum bicolor) feeding. The blood samples were collected from experimental goats during the feeding experiment for the examination of different hematological indices and serum biochemical profile to know the overall health status of animals and standard method was followed to analyze the samples. Fecal sample was collected directly from the anus of goats by inserting middle finger and kept the samples in labeled polythene bag. Further fresh sample was processed and examined by McMaster Technique for eggs per gram and oocysts per gram. It gives accurate information regarding severity of infection.Results:The feeding of babul pod meal did not address significant changes about the hematological parameters among various treatment groups. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher (p=0.07) in T3 group as compared to control and increase with increase in level of babul pod meal in the diet. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was 4.86 and 6.59% lower in T1 and T2 group as compared to control and inversely proportional with level of supplement in ration. The decrease in BUN reflected good dietary protein metabolism happened in animals supplemented with babul pod meal. Serum creatinine level was significantly lower (p<0.01) in T2 group as compared to control. The creatinine level was 20.17% lower in T2 group as compared to control. Haemonchus and Coccidian egg count was significantly reduced (p<0.01) in T2 and T3 group followed with T1 as compared to control group.Conclusion:The metabolic status of the animal was not affected with the supplementation of babul pod meal, however, lower serum creatinine level and remarkable reduction in nematode, as well as protozoan egg count in the treatment group, showed good health impact of babul pod.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pod meal on hematobiochemical profile and fecal egg count in goats

Paswan

Kumar

et al. 2016

Vet World

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“…However, one of phytochemicals that interferes with life cycle of Eimeria sp is allicin that inhibits the development of sporozoites Eimeria spp. Whereas, propyl thiosulfinate can be beneficial as a immunity protector (Muthamilselvan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garlic and its sulfur compounds, allicin, aliin, ajoene, diallyl sulfide, dithiin, and allylcysteine are reported to have broad antimicrobial activities which can eliminate the negative factor of microbial infections. In vitro study in chicken shows that allicin inhibits sporulation of Eimeria tenella (Muthamilselvan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Administration of Garlic Extract on Eimeria stiedai Oocysts and the Hematological Profile of the Coccidia Infected Rabbits

Indrasanti

Indradji

Hastuti

et al. 2017

Med Pet

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This research aimed to examine the potential of garlic as the coccidiosis control in rabbits either in vitro or in vivo. During in vitro, observed variables were rabbits oocysts that were sporulated, unsporulated, and abnormal in incubation for 3 days with the addition of garlic extract. The treatments were doses of garlic extract administration (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) and sulfaquinoxalline as a standard anticoccidiosis. Meanwhile during in vivo, the variables observed were the hematological profile of the experimental rabbits naturally infected with coccidia. The doses of garlic extract was administered orally to the experimental rabbits infected with coccidia were 0 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg/ rabbit. As a standard coccidiosis drugs, the combination of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim was used. The treatments were given for 6 days. The variables observed were the hematological profile of the coccidiosis rabbits, including the erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrits, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and thrombocytes. The research employed a completely randomized design, with 5 repetitions. The data were further analyzed using the honestly significant difference test. The results showed that garlic extract administration significantly decreased (P<0.01) both the number of the sporulated and unsporulated oocysts (P<0.05), yet did not significantly influence the abnormal oocysts, but there was no significant difference within the entire hematological variables except in thrombocytes (P<0.05). Garlic extract administration decreased the excretion number of oocysts in the feces either in vitro or in vivo and influenced some hematological variables which provided a new propect for controlling coccidiosis naturally in rabbits.Keywords: coccidia, rabbits, garlic extract, oocyst, hematology ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi bawang putih sebagai anti koksidiosis pada kelinci secara in vitro dan in vivo. Secara in vitro, peubah yang diamati adalah ookista kelinci yang bersporulasi, tidak bersporulasi, dan abnormal pada inkubasi selama 3 hari dengan penambahan ekstrak bawang putih. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, dan 8% bawang putih, serta penggunaan sulfaquinoxalline sebagai obat standar koksidiosis. Pada penelitian in vivo, peubah yang diamati adalah profil hematologi kelinci yang terinfeksi koksidia secara alami. Ekstrak bawang putih diberikan secara per oral pada kelinci yang terinfeksi koksidia sebesar 0 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, dan 80 mg/ekor, serta kombinasi sulfadiazin dan trimethoprim sebagai obat standar koksidiosis. Perlakuan diberikan selama 6 hari. Peubah yang diamati adalah profil darah kelinci koksidiosis yang meliputi sel darah merah (eritrosit), hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan trombosit. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan pengulangan sebanyak 5 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analisis variansi dengan uji lanjut beda nyata jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis varians menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak bawang putih berpengaruh sangat ...

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“…The usage of these plants varies from organic extracts (ethanol, petroleum ether and acetone extracts), ground powder, essential oils, and decoction. The parameters measured to evaluate efficiency of the anticoccidial compounds are body weight gain, oocyst count, feed consumption, lesion scores, bloody diarrhea, and mortality [7,32]. Recently, plant Bidens pilosa was used in diet of birds, which significantly elevated body weight gain and lowered feed conversion ratio.…”

Section: Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 shows some compounds related to different action to control avian coccidiosis. Information based on [7,32,37].…”

Section: Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Coccidiosis, New Strategies of Treatment

Quiroz-Castañeda¹

2018

Farm Animals Diseases, Recent Omic Trends and New Strategies of Treatment

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The control of avian coccidiosis since the 1940s has been associated with the use of ionophores and chemical drugs. Recently, a significant interest in natural sources has developed due to the pressure to poultry industry to produce drug-free birds. Consequently, the search of products derived from plants and other natural sources has increased in the last years. Today, many commercial products containing essential oils, extracts, and other compounds are available. The use of these compounds of natural origin is related to an increased immune response, a body weight gain, destruction of oocyst, among other benefits. The main inconvenience of these products is the act on some species of Eimeria, but not all. This genetic variability found in the parasite makes the use of products difficult to control and treat coccidiosis. In this chapter, several proposals of treatment are presented based on the use of natural products, considering the new strategies of treatment with minimal consequences to birds.

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Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions

Cited by 130 publications

References 107 publications

Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pod meal on hematobiochemical profile and fecal egg count in goats

Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pod meal on hematobiochemical profile and fecal egg count in goats

The Administration of Garlic Extract on Eimeria stiedai Oocysts and the Hematological Profile of the Coccidia Infected Rabbits

Avian Coccidiosis, New Strategies of Treatment

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