Herbicides: History, Classification and Genetic Manipulation of Plants for Herbicide Resistance

Vats, Sharad

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09132-7_3

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Herbicide-tolerant GE crops occupy ~76% of the total GE crop cultivation area, including herbicide-tolerant and stacked herbicide-tolerant/insect-resistant GE crops (James, 2016 ). Of these, glyphosate-tolerance represents the world's most widespread GE crop trait (Duke and Powles, 2008 ; Vats, 2015 ; James, 2016 ). The commercial cultivation of glyphosate-tolerant GE crops has greatly promoted the glyphosate application in agricultural ecosystems, consequently arousing global concerns over its potential environmental impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy includes developing GE plants with multiple copies of the EPSPS gene (Rogers et al, 1983 ; Goldsbrough et al, 1990 ; Shyr et al, 1992 ) and increasing basal levels of the EPSPS enzyme by fusing an EPSPS gene with a strong promotor (Klee et al, 1987 ; Su et al, 2008 ). Notably, certain GE glyphosate-tolerant crops overexpressing EPSPS not only have increased glyphosate tolerance (Klee et al, 1987 ; Su et al, 2008 ; Vats, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2017a ), but unexpectedly also showed increased yield (Zhou et al, 2003 ; Owen et al, 2010 ) and other fitness traits. The increased yield can also be manifest as increased fecundity in GE hybrid progeny with weedy ( O. sativa f. spontanea , Wang et al, 2014 ) and wild ( O. rufipogon , Yang et al, 2017b ) rice overexpressing EPSPS , even under glyphosate-free conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpressing Exogenous 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Genes Increases Fecundity and Auxin Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

Fang

Peng

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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Transgenic glyphosate-tolerant plants overproducing EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) may exhibit enhanced fitness in glyphosate-free environments. If so, introgression of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS into wild relative species may lead to increased competitiveness of crop-wild hybrids, resulting in unpredicted environmental impact. Assessing fitness effects of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS in a model plant species can help address this question, while elucidating how overproducing EPSPS affects the fitness-related traits of plants. We produced segregating T2 and T3 Arabidopsis thaliana lineages with or without a transgene overexpressing EPSPS isolated from rice or Agrobacterium (CP4). For each of the three transgenes, we compared glyphosate tolerance, some fitness-related traits, and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) content in transgene-present, transgene-absent, empty vector (EV), and parental lineages in a common-garden experiment. We detected substantially increased glyphosate tolerance in T2 plants of transgene-present lineages that overproduced EPSPS. We also documented significant increases in fecundity, which was associated with increased auxin content in T3 transgene-present lineages containing rice EPSPS genes, compared with their segregating transgene-absent lineages, EV, and parental controls. Our results from Arabidopsis with nine transgenic events provide a strong support to the hypothesis that transgenic plants overproducing EPSPS can benefit from a fecundity advantage in glyphosate-free environments. Stimulated biosynthesis of auxin, an important plant growth hormone, by overproducing EPSPS may play a role in enhanced fecundity of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The obtained knowledge is useful for assessing environmental impact caused by introgression of transgenes overproducing EPSPS from any GE crop into populations of its wild relatives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpressing Exogenous 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Genes Increases Fecundity and Auxin Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

Fang

Peng

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…2 (B)]. 9,11 These herbicides block the entrance to the ALS/AHAS active site, resulting in either uncompetitive or noncompetitive inhibition. 12 Despite the differences in structures between the ALS/AHAS inhibitors, there are conserved interactions with the enzyme as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: amino acid biosynthesis as a target for herbicide development

Hall

Mackie

Gendall

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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There are three amino acid biosynthesis pathways that are targeted by current herbicides, namely those leading to the production of aromatic amino acids, branched chain amino acids and glutamine. However, their efficacy is diminishing as a result of the increasing number of resistant weeds. Indeed, resistance to most classes of herbicides is on the rise, posing a significant threat to the utility of current herbicides to sustain effective weed management. This review provides an overview of potential herbicide targets within amino acid biosynthesis that remain unexploited commercially, and recent inhibitor discovery efforts. Despite contemporary approaches to herbicide discovery, such as chemical repurposing and the use of omics technologies, there have been no new products introduced to the market that inhibit amino acid biosynthesis over the past three decades. This highlights the chasm that exists between identifying a potent inhibitor and introducing a commercial herbicide. The unpredictability of a mode of action at the systemic level, as well as poor physicochemical properties, often contribute to a lack of progression beyond the target inhibition stage. Nevertheless, it will be important to overcome these obstacles for the development of new herbicides to protect our agricultural industry and ensure food security for an increasing world population.

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“…Since the 1940s, chemical pesticides such as herbicides and fungicides have become widely used (Hahn, 2014; Vats, 2015). These chemicals can affect not only crops and their associated microbial communities, but also plants that grow close to fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of historical herbarium specimens reveals a postmortem microbial community

Bieker

Sánchez-Barreiro

Rasmussen

et al. 2020

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Advances in DNA extraction and next‐generation sequencing have made a vast number of historical herbarium specimens available for genomic investigation. These specimens contain not only genomic information from the individual plants themselves, but also from associated microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms may have colonized the living plant (e.g., pathogens or host‐associated commensal taxa) or may result from postmortem colonization that may include decomposition processes or contamination during sample handling. Here we characterize the metagenomic profile from shotgun sequencing data from herbarium specimens of two widespread plant species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Arabidopsis thaliana) collected up to 180 years ago. We used blast searching in combination with megan and were able to infer the metagenomic community even from the oldest herbarium sample. Through comparison with contemporary plant collections, we identify three microbial species that are nearly exclusive to herbarium specimens, including the fungus Alternaria alternata, which can comprise up to 7% of the total sequencing reads. This species probably colonizes the herbarium specimens during preparation for mounting or during storage. By removing the probable contaminating taxa, we observe a temporal shift in the metagenomic composition of the invasive weed Am. artemisiifolia. Our findings demonstrate that it is generally possible to use herbarium specimens for metagenomic analyses, but that the results should be treated with caution, as some of the identified species may be herbarium contaminants rather than representing the natural metagenomic community of the host plant.

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Herbicides: History, Classification and Genetic Manipulation of Plants for Herbicide Resistance

Cited by 53 publications

References 111 publications

Overexpressing Exogenous 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Genes Increases Fecundity and Auxin Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

Overexpressing Exogenous 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Genes Increases Fecundity and Auxin Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

Review: amino acid biosynthesis as a target for herbicide development

Metagenomic analysis of historical herbarium specimens reveals a postmortem microbial community

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