Herbicides Reduce Seed Production in Reproductive-Stage Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Carrithers, Vanelle; Roché, Cindy Talbott; Gaiser, Dean R.; Horton, D. Scott; C, Duncan; Scherer, Peter N.

doi:10.1614/wt-03-240r

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Application of biologically active substances can change the physiological properties of seeds, affecting their viability, survivorship, and germination capacity (Andersson, 1996;Carrithers et al, 2004;Qi et al, 2017). The present study did not reveal significant differences in the germination capacity of gallant soldier achenes collected from the treatments where the different herbicide rates and adjuvant were applied.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Galinsoga parviflora Response to Different Application Rates of the Herbicide Chwastox Turbo 340 SL in Spring Barley

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of Galinsoga parviflora to different doses of the herbicide Chwastox Turbo 340 SL [2-methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) + dicamba] used alone and with an adjuvant. The study was conducted on the spring barley cultivar ‘Suweren.’ During the tillering stage of spring barley, a weed control treatment was applied using Chwastox Turbo 340 SL at a rate of 100% and at rates reduced by 33% and 50%, and was applied either alone or with an oil adjuvant. Plots without herbicide and adjuvant application were the control treatment. The present study showed that in spring barley the largest plants of G. parviflora, which produced the highest number of branches, flower heads, and achenes, occurred in the control treatment where no herbicide and adjuvant were applied. Morphology, productivity, and biomass were not found to vary greatly between G. parviflora plants occurring in the plots where the reduced rates of Chwastox Turbo 340 SL and in those where the manufacturer’s recommended rate were applied. The number of achenes produced by G. parviflora was positively correlated with plant height and negatively with plant biomass. The germination capacity of G. parviflora diaspores was not significantly different between the herbicide protection treatments.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Galinsoga parviflora Response to Different Application Rates of the Herbicide Chwastox Turbo 340 SL in Spring Barley

et al. 2020

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“…In some cases, herbicide treatment was effective only in early reproductive stages, whereas in other cases it reduced seed production at stages as late as immature fruit. Indeed, picloram, alone or with 2,4‐D, was far more effective when applied on Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow star thistle) at the bud, compared with the flower stage (Carrithers et al. , 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germinated seeds were counted and removed three times a week; after 4–5 weeks the non‐germinated seeds were dissected to determine whether they contained an embryo. In this case and if the embryo was firm and white in colour, they were considered as viable (Carrithers et al. , 2004); seeds were collected late enough in the season to be considered as mature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia to glufosinate and glyphosate at various developmental stages

Gauvrit¹,

Chauvel²

2010

Weed Research

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Gauvrit C & Chauvel B (2010). Sensitivity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia to glufosinate and glyphosate at various developmental stages. Weed Research50, 503–510. Summary Glufosinate and glyphosate at 375 g a.i. ha−1 and 540 g a.e. ha−1, respectively, were assessed for control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia under non‐crop conditions at four different developmental stages (vegetative, BBCH 14; bud appearance, BBCH 53–55; onset of pollen production, BBCH 61; mid female flowering, BBCH 73–77). Both herbicides displayed high efficacies at all development stages. However, after treatments at BBCH 14, new emergence or re‐growth of A. artemisiifolia led to the presence of plants that produced pollen and seeds. Treatments at BBCH 53–55 gave more than 99.9% reduced pollen production. Seed production was more than 99.9% reduced by glyphosate and 92.0–99.8% by glufosinate. Treatments at BBCH 61 suppressed viable seed production by more than 99.8%. When treatments were made at BBCH 73–77, seed production by A. artemisiifolia was not significantly affected, but seed viability was decreased by 10–85%. Although significantly reduced, the number of viable seeds was still 283–652 and 827–3893 m−2 in the plots treated by glufosinate and glyphosate respectively. It is concluded that on non‐crop areas, herbicide treatment of A. artemisiifolia at bud appearance (BBCH 53–55) with glufosinate or glyphosate gave the most effective control of both pollen and seed production.

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“…Unlike herbicides that damage plants only following foliar contact (e.g., glyphosate), picloram can also damage plants following uptake from soil. Picloram can also curtail seed germination (Carrithers et al 2005). In June 1982 a fixed-wing aircraft applied picloram to the site at a typical grassland-use rate (i.e., 1.1 kg/ha).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control effort exacerbates invasive‐species problem

Rinella

Maxwell

Fay³

et al. 2009

Ecological Applications

143

134

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Ecosystem managers face a difficult decision when managing invasive species. If they use aggressive practices to reduce invader abundances, they will likely reduce invaders' competitive impacts on natives. But it is often difficult or impossible to reduce invaders without damaging natives. So a critical question becomes: Which is worse for native biota, invaders or things done to control invaders? We attempted to answer this question for a common scenario. We studied several grassland natives exhibiting long-term coexistence with an invader and asked how aggressive management (herbicide use) affected the natives. Whether or not grazing was excluded, one-time herbicide use made two native forbs exceedingly rare for our entire 16-year study period. Herbicide also made several other native forbs rare, but only when grazing was excluded, and there is evidence that the dominant invader became more abundant in response to the decreases in native-forb abundances. Throughout the world, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are receiving herbicide applications for exotic-species control. Some of the applications are doubtless warranted because they target small invader patches or larger areas with virtually no remaining natives. However, other herbicide applications occur where large native populations occur, and our data suggest that these applications can be ill advised. Our cautionary tale is told using an herbicide-treated grassland, but our results should be considered wherever invasive-species management damages native species.

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Herbicides Reduce Seed Production in Reproductive-Stage Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Galinsoga parviflora Response to Different Application Rates of the Herbicide Chwastox Turbo 340 SL in Spring Barley

Galinsoga parviflora Response to Different Application Rates of the Herbicide Chwastox Turbo 340 SL in Spring Barley

Sensitivity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia to glufosinate and glyphosate at various developmental stages

Control effort exacerbates invasive‐species problem

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