The G protein-coupled receptor P2Y 2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y 2 R) has been shown to be up-regulated in a variety of tissues in response to stress or injury. Recent studies have suggested that P2Y 2 Rs may play a role in immune responses, wound healing, and tissue regeneration via their ability to activate multiple signaling pathways, including activation of growth factor receptors. Here, we demonstrate that in human salivary gland (HSG) cells, activation of the P2Y 2 R by its agonist induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2 via two distinct mechanisms, a rapid, protein kinase C-dependent pathway and a slower and prolonged, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent pathway. The EGFR-dependent stimulation of UTP-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HSG cells is inhibited by the adamalysin inhibitor tumor necrosis factor-␣ protease inhibitor or by small interfering RNA that selectively silences ADAM10 and ADAM17 expression, suggesting that ADAM metalloproteases are required for P2Y 2 R-mediated activation of the EGFR. G proteincoupled receptors have been shown to promote proteolytic release of EGFR ligands; however, neutralizing antibodies to known ligands of the EGFR did not inhibit UTP-induced EGFR phosphorylation. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that UTP causes association of the EGFR with another member of the EGF receptor family, ErbB3. Furthermore, stimulation of HSG cells with UTP induced phosphorylation of ErbB3, and silencing of ErbB3 expression inhibited UTP-induced phosphorylation of both ErbB3 and EGFR. UTP-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 and EGFR was also inhibited by silencing the expression of the ErbB3 ligand neuregulin 1 (NRG1). These results suggest that P2Y 2 R activation in salivary gland cells promotes the formation of EGFR/ErbB3 heterodimers and metalloprotease-dependent neuregulin 1 release, resulting in the activation of both EGFR and ErbB3.G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 3 the largest group of cell surface receptors, function not only as short term modulators of cell metabolism but also as regulators of cellular growth and differentiation via activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade (1-5). The mechanisms whereby GPCRs activate the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway are complex and vary according to the type of GPCR and the tissue in which the receptor is expressed (1, 6, 7). During the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that GPCRs can couple to the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade directly through a G protein-dependent pathway or indirectly by activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB1) (1, 8 -10). Mediators of GPCR-induced ERK/MAPK activation include Src tyrosine kinase (6,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), protein kinase C (PKC) (6, 11, 12), prolinerich tyrosine kinase 2 (13, 14), increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2ϩ ] i ) (15, 16), reactive oxygen species (17-19), and metalloprotease-dependent shedding of an EGFR ligand (8, 20 -22). EGFR ligands promote homodimerization and autophosphorylation of the EGFR (23), resulting i...