Hericioic Acids A–G and Hericiofuranoic Acid; Neurotrophic Agents from Cultures of the European Mushroom Hericium flagellum

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are currently posing huge social, economic, and healthcare burdens among the aged populations worldwide with few and only palliative treatment alternatives available. Natural products continue to be a source of a vast array of potent neurotrophic molecules that could be considered as drug design starting points. The present study reports eight new isoindolinone and benzofuranone derivatives, for which we propose the trivial names, hericioic acids A–G (1–7) and hericiofuranoic acid (8), which were isolated from a solid culture (using rice as substrate) of the rare European edible mushroom Hericium flagellum. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy along with HRESIMS analyses. The isolated compounds were assessed for their neurotrophic activity in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12) to promote neurite outgrowth on 5 ng NGF supplementation; all the compounds increased neurite outgrowths, with compounds 3, 4, and 8 exhibiting the strongest effects.

Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Edible-Medicinal Macrofungi

“…Compound 200 reduced the production of ROS and alleviated mitochondrial damage to protect SH-SY5Y cells from H 2 O 2 -induced damage, which could be related to the Nrf2-and BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB-signaling pathways [59]. Compounds 201-203 could considerably enhance neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells [60]. Compounds 204-206 exerted a neuroprotective effect by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines.…”

“…Hericiaceae 137-138 [43] Laetiporus sulphureus Polyporaceae 139-141 [44] Ganoderma sinense Ganodermataceae 142-143 [45] Ganoderma Ganodermataceae 144-148 [46] Tomophagus sp. Ganodermataceae 149-163 [47] Hohenbuehelia grisea Pleurotaceae 164-167 [48] Sanghuangporus Hymenochaetaceae 168-170 [49] Sanghuangporus Hymenochaetaceae 171-174 [50] Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes robiniophila Pleurotaceae and Polyporaceae 175 [51] Ganoderma Ganodermataceae 176 [52] Ganoderma weberianum Ganodermataceae 177-178 [53] Hericium erinaceus Hericiaceae 179-180 [54] Ganoderma leucocontextum Ganodermataceae 181-182 [55] Hericium erinaceus and Hericium flagellum Hericiaceae 183-186 [56] Inonotus hispidus Hymenochaetaceae 187-192 [57] Ganoderma resinaceum Ganodermataceae 193-199 [58] Inonotus obliquus Hymenochaetaceae 200 [59] Hericium flagellum Hericiaceae 201-203 [60] Dictyophora indusiata Phallaceae 204-206 [61] Ganoderma lucidum Ganodermataceae 207-230 [62] Hericium caput−medusae Hericiaceae 231-233 [63] Hericium erinaceus Hericiaceae 234-238 [64] Paxillus involutus Paxillaceae 239-242 [65] Ganoderma leucocontextum Ganodermataceae 243-245 [66] Morchella importuna Morchellaceae 246 [67] Cordyceps militaris Cordycepitaceae 247-251 [68] Ganoderma gibbosum Ganodermataceae 252 [69] Albatrellus confluens Crypsinus 253-254 [70] Ganoderma resinaceum Ganodermataceae 255-264 [71] Pleurotus cornucopiae Pleurotaceae 265-268 [72] Ganoderma applanatum Ganodermataceae 269 [73] Vanderbylia robiniophila Polyporaceae 270-274 [74]…”

Unveiling the Chemical Composition and Biofunctionality of Hericium spp. Fungi: A Comprehensive Overview

“…Neurotrophic activity-increased neurite outgrowths in PC12 cells in vitro-PC12 cells [62] corallocin A…”

“…The ethyl acetate extract was purified using a preparative HPLC system. The authors named the novel compounds hericioic acids A–G and hericiolfuranoic acid [ 62 ]. They succeeded in isolating 6.9 mg, 6.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 23.3 mg, 1.4 mg, 8.5 mg, 1.7 mg, and 2.9 mg of hericioic acids A–G and hericiolfuranoic acid, respectively, from 0.6 g of mycelial extracts and 6.4 g solid-state fermentation extracts.…”

New isoindolinone derivatives isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Hericium coralloides

“…According to a recent review, Hericium mushrooms global export and import market values were USD 963.4 million and USD 978.83 million in 2021, respectively (Niego et al, 2023). Meroterpenoids have been widely reported from various species of the fungal genus for their neuroprotective effects (Wang et al 2015;Wittstein et al 2016;Ryu et al 2021;Sum et al, 2023). Nonetheless, Hericium meroterpenes have also been reported for other health-promoting capabilities such as their antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and hypolipidemic effects (Thongbai et al 2015).…”