Heritability of Coronary Artery Calcium Quantity Measured by Electron Beam Computed Tomography in Asymptomatic Adults

Peyser, Patricia A.; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Chu, Julia; Turner, Stephen T.; Ellsworth, Darrell L.; Boerwinkle, Eric; Sheedy, Patrick F.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000022664.21832.5d

Cited by 117 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…28 Also, it has been shown that some additional variability of CAC scores can be explained by genetic diversity which was not considered in the current study. 29,30 The most important risk factor determinants of CAC score were age and male sex, followed by current smoking, systolic blood pressure, and non HDL-cholesterol. Diabetes was relatively rare in both cohorts, in particular in ECAC.…”

Section: Risk Factor Associations With Cacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and risk factors in unselected populations in Germany and US-America

et al. 2007

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Background-On the basis of the Framingham risk algorithm, overestimation of clinical events has been reported in some European populations. Electron-beam computed tomography-derived quantification of coronary artery calcification (CAC) allows for noninvasive assessment of coronary atherosclerosis in the general population and may thus add important in vivo information on the path from risk factor exposure to formation of clinical events. The current study was undertaken to compare the relationship between risk factors and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis between nonHispanic white cohorts in Germany and US-America, the hypothesis being that subclinical coronary atherosclerosis might be less prevalent in Europe at the same level of classical risk factor exposure.

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Section: Risk Factor Associations With Cacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and risk factors in unselected populations in Germany and US-America

et al. 2007

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“…Subjects were participants in the Functional Arterial Changes in Atherogenesis Study which is examining the relationship of arterial function measures to subclinical disease measures and cardiovascular risk factors in non-Hispanic white subjects participating in the community-based Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Calcification (ECAC) study [23]. The ECAC study is an ongoing study of the pathogenesis of coronary artery calcification in Rochester, Minnesota.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic augmentation index is associated with the ankle-brachial index: A community-based study

Khaleghi

Kullo

2007

Atherosclerosis

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Background-Increased arterial stiffness has been associated with greater risk of cardiovascular events. We investigated whether aortic augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness and wave reflection, was associated with the ankle-brachial index (ABI), a measure of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Method-AIx and ABI were measured in a community-based sample of 475 adults without prior history of heart attack or stroke (mean age 59.3 years, 46.5% men). Radial artery pulse waveforms were obtained by applanation tonometry and an ascending aortic pressure waveform derived by a transfer function. AIx is the difference between the first and second systolic peak of the ascending aortic pressure waveform indexed to the central pulse pressure. ABI was measured using a standard protocol, and subjects with non-compressible vessels (ABI >1.5) were excluded from the analyses. Multivariable linear and logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses were used to assess whether AIx was associated with ABI and ABI <1.00 respectively, independent of conventional risk factors.Results-Mean (± SD) values were: AIx, 29.3±11.6 %; ABI, 1.12±0.13; 59 (12.4%) participants had an ABI <1.00. Variables associated with a lower ABI (and ABI <1.00) included older age, shorter height, female sex, higher total cholesterol, hypertension medication use, history of smoking, and higher AIx. After adjustment for mean arterial pressure and the above variables, higher AIx remained associated with a lower ABI (P=0.015) and ABI <1.00 (P=0.002). A significant interaction (P=0.007) was present between AIx and age in the prediction of ABI; the (inverse) association of AIx with ABI was stronger in older subjects (>65 years).Conclusion-AIx, a measure of arterial stiffness and wave reflection, was independently associated with a lower ABI in asymptomatic subjects from the community, and this association was modified by age.

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“…Protocols at baseline and follow-up were identical, as described previously. 17,18 Dual scan runs were obtained for all participants examined in 1993 and later; 138 participants examined before 1993 had one scan run at baseline.…”

Section: Electron-beam Ct Measures Of Cacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis

et al. 2005

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Background-Obesity is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of the presence and extent of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Obesity adds incremental information in identifying those at higher risk of coronary heart disease to traditional risk factor assessment. The present study examined associations between obesity measures and progression of CAC in those at higher (Ն10%) and lower (Ͻ10%) 10-year coronary heart disease risk according to the Framingham risk equation. Methods and Results-In this study, 443 asymptomatic white individuals Ͼ30 years of age (243 men) had baseline and follow-up CAC measurements an average of 8.9 years apart. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to determine associations of obesity measures at baseline with progression of CAC defined as log e of the difference between follow-up and baseline CAC area plus 1 divided by time (in years) between examinations, adjusting for baseline CAC quantity, age, sex, baseline hypertension status, and baseline cholesterol level. Among 329 participants (74.3%) in the lower-risk group, waist circumference (Pϭ0.024), waist-to-hip ratio (PϽ0.001), body mass index (Pϭ0.036), and being overweight compared with being underweight or of normal weight (Pϭ0.008) were each significantly positively associated with progression of CAC. Among those at higher coronary heart disease risk, no baseline obesity measures were associated with CAC progression. Conclusions-Various measures of obesity were associated with increased progression of CAC in those at lower risk of coronary heart disease. Future studies examining the effectiveness of weight reduction strategies in reducing CAC progression among those with an otherwise favorable risk factor profile may be warranted.

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Heritability of Coronary Artery Calcium Quantity Measured by Electron Beam Computed Tomography in Asymptomatic Adults

Cited by 117 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and risk factors in unselected populations in Germany and US-America

Comparison of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and risk factors in unselected populations in Germany and US-America

Aortic augmentation index is associated with the ankle-brachial index: A community-based study

Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis

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