Heritability of Quantitative Characters in Farm Animals

Lush, Jay L.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1949.tb03347.x

Cited by 310 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The percentage of genetic variability that is transmitted from the parents to the descendants is obtained through h 2 (Lush, 1949). The high yields aspired by the breeder can be reached by the selection of traits that contribute to grain yield and that have both high h 2 and genetic gain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic characterization of high-yielding irrigated barley accessions in the Cerrado

Sayd

Amábile

Faleiro

et al. 2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic, phenotypic, and environmental parameters of 113 barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare), previously selected based on high yield, in an irrigated production system in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna), for use in breeding programs in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2013 at two sites in the Federal District, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The evaluated traits were: grain yield, kernel plumpness, thousand grain weight, plant height, lodging, and days to heading. Significant differences were observed between environment and accessions for all studied traits, as well as genotype x environment interaction. The MCU 3832 PI 402310, MCU 3484 PI 401962, CI 08053 Custer, MCU 3634 PI 402112, and MCU 3816 PI 402294 accessions stood out regarding grain yield and kernel plumpness. It is possible to obtain high selection gains with high heritability values. However, indirect selection is not recommended in the experimental conditions due to the low genotypic and phenotypic correlations obtained. It is also possible to select barley accessions with high yield and early heading date simultaneously, an important factor in the genotype selection process for future experiments. The accessions from Colombia are the most adapted to the Cerrado conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic characterization of high-yielding irrigated barley accessions in the Cerrado

Sayd

Amábile

Faleiro

et al. 2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…σ 2 g Heritability (broad sense) in percent = h 2 = x 100 σ 2 p Where: σ 2 g = Genotypic variance σ 2 p = Phenotypic variance Estimates of appropriate variance components were substituted for the parameters to predict the expected genetic gain as suggested by Lush (1949). The expected genetic gain was calculated at 5% selection intensity for each character as: Genetic advance (%) of mean = K. σ p.h 2 X Where: K = selection differential (2.06) σ p = phenotypic standard deviation h 2 = heritability in broad sense X = general mean The genetic divergence was calculated by using non -hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis (Spark, 1973) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and heritability estimation in Jatropha curcas L. progenies for seed yield and vegetative traits

Kaushik

Deswal

Malik

et al. 2015

JANS

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Abstract:In this study, experiment was conducted on sandy loam soils poor in organic carbon and water holding capacity in southern Haryana, India to determine the best progenies of Jatropha curcas for bio-diesel production. Fifty progenies raised from seed sources collected from nine states of India were evaluated after five years of plantation for growth, seed and oil content traits. The progenies showed significant (P> 0.05) differences for all the traits studied. Maximum seed yield/plant (879.37 g), number of capsules/plant (522.67) and plant height (408.33 cm) was recorded in P-44. Maximum oil content observed in P-37 (36.08%) followed by P-5 (35.64%). The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. Heritability was highest for oil content (95.49%) and 100-seed weight (87.75%) followed by seed yield (75.54%). Total capsules/plant exhibited highest genetic advance (92.69%) followed by number of branches per plant (64.32%). Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis of all 50 progenies using D 2 statistics was done where the D 2 analysis grouped the progenies into five clusters. The intra cluster distances ranged from 1.33 to 2.72. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (6.43) followed by I and V indicating greater divergence among progenies belonging to these clusters and an attempt to cross the progenies in these clusters should bring out desirable gene combinations. These progenies showed considerable potential which can be tapped for planting and selecting the improved varieties.

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“…Various methods exist to measure broad-sense heritability in animals (Lush 1949). One approach is to isolate groups of a few individuals from a large and highly outbred population and use these groups as founders for new lines.…”

Section: Mir-9a Asymmetrically Affects Response To Medianselectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Masking of Natural Genetic Variation by miR-9a inDrosophila

2015

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Genetic variation is prevalent among individuals of the same species and yet the potential effects of genetic variation on developmental outcomes are frequently suppressed. Understanding the mechanisms that are responsible for this suppression is an important goal. Previously, we found that the microRNA miR-9a mitigates the impact of natural genetic variants that promote the development of scutellar bristles in adult Drosophila. Here we find that miR-9a does not affect the impact of genetic variants that inhibit the development of scutellar bristles. We show this using both directional and stabilizing selection in the laboratory. This specificity of action suggests that miR-9a does not interact with all functional classes of developmental genetic variants affecting sensory organ development. We also investigate the impact of miR-9a on a fitness trait, which is adult viability. At elevated physiological temperatures, miR-9a contributes to viability through masking genetic variants that hinder adult viability. We conclude that miR-9a activity in different developmental networks contributes to suppression of natural variants from perturbing development. KEYWORDS Drosophila; miRNA; heritability; sensory organs; development O RGANISMS are subject to conditions of genetic variation, and yet their morphological development is often robust to such challenges. Hence, developmental outcomes are rendered uniform even in the face of variable conditions of existence. The relationship between this developmental robustness and phenotypic variation in natural populations has long been remarked upon, and Waddington (1942) coined the word canalization to describe the process. As development becomes more robust, less phenotypic variation is observed among individuals in a population (Scharloo 1991;de Visser et al. 2003;Siegal and Leu 2014). This has implications not only for the relationship between genotype and phenotype, but also for evolution (Gibson and Wagner 2000;Gibson and Dworkin 2004;Wagner 2012). In one sense, robustness inhibits evolvability since it suppresses the phenotypic variation that selection acts upon. However, when a phenotype is robust to the effects of mutations, then genetic variation can potentially accumulate in a neutral state. This might permit a broad set of connected genotypes to express the same phenotype (Wagner 2012). Later, if canalization is impaired, the effects of the previously cryptic genetic variation are revealed as phenotypic variability. These can be subject to selection, thus enhancing evolvability.Morphological variation is a consequence of variable development between individuals. Development, in turn, is the complex outcome of dynamic interactions between regulatory molecules. Developmental dynamics have been successfully simulated by biochemical reaction network models, which vary in size, topology, and circuit composition and depend upon the specific developmental process, tissue type, and species (Kitano 2004;Stathopoulos and Levine 2005;Wunderlich and DePace 2011). Studie...

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Heritability of Quantitative Characters in Farm Animals

Cited by 310 publications

References 12 publications

Agronomic characterization of high-yielding irrigated barley accessions in the Cerrado

Agronomic characterization of high-yielding irrigated barley accessions in the Cerrado

Genetic variation and heritability estimation in Jatropha curcas L. progenies for seed yield and vegetative traits

Differential Masking of Natural Genetic Variation by miR-9a inDrosophila

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