Heritability of the Udder Proportions in Dairy Cows

Johansson, Ivar; Korkman, N.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1952.tb02919.x

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the cognitive preferences of the calf for one side or another during the very first days of life are unknown and behavioural observations would be necessary to determine how much this would influence lateralization. The only known similar result to ours is that from Johansson & Korkman [39], who showed a constant decline in the relative contribution of left teats to total milk yield in dairy cattle. As previously mentioned, some species compete for preferential access to the most nutritious teats, but those without such differences in milk production and/or composition do not fight for the access to the teats.…”

Section: Laterality Along the Lactation Seasonsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Contrastingly, when a teat is not emptied periodically, the accumulation of FIL induces the decrease, and finally the cessation, of milk production [37], as happens in nonsuckled teats in pigs and metatherians. Similar results on lateral asymmetries in milk production have been only observed in dairy cattle [38], although other equivalent studies failed to find the same greater production by the left side [39,40]. In humans differential milk yield has been observed linked to the breasting preferences of the mother [41], and probably also mediated by asymmetries in breast volume (left bigger [42,43]).…”

Section: Axial Differences In Milk Productionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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The Many Axes of Deer Lactation

Ceacero

García

Landete‐Castillejos

et al. 2016

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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In undomesticated animals information about the production and composition of milk over time is still scarce. In general, for most mammals it is known that milk composition changes across lactation, is different for male and female offspring, and even that marsupials, such as kangaroos, can simultaneously produce milk of different compositions for young of different ages. Such parallel milk production of differing compositions has not yet been studied in single-offspring placental mammals, but may help to explain behavioural processes like allosuckling (feeding the young of other adults) and lateralized suckling preferences. In this study we analysed the production and composition of milk in red deer throughout the lactation period and now confirm for the first time that there are axial differences present. The front teats, which are the favoured suckling positions of the deer's offspring, produce milk with a greater protein-to-fat ratio. Also, from the beginning of lactation the yield is greater on the left side, the side preferred by calves in all of the studied species, both at population and individual level. The links between milk production and calf behaviour in deer deserve further study.

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Section: Laterality Along the Lactation Seasonsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Axial Differences In Milk Productionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Many Axes of Deer Lactation

Ceacero

García

Landete‐Castillejos

et al. 2016

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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“…This difference could be attributed to a tendency of front teats to give less milk than rear teats. 16 As a result, the front teats are at greater risk of being over milked in comparison to the rear teats, causing an increase in teat end scores. 17 Teat dryness scores in the front teats of the treatment side were significantly greater than control teats (1.10±0.01 vs. 1.06±.01; P≤0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Teat Skin Condition in Response to Phenoxyethanol as a Post-Milking Teat Disinfectant on Lactating Dairy Cows

Borchers¹

2017

JDVAR

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Alternatives to iodine-based teat dips may decrease risk of iodine residues in milk. The objective of this study was to evaluate how a post-milking teat dip containing phenoxyethanol as the active ingredient and a 5% emollient (treatment) affected teat skin condition compared to a 1% iodine solution (control). A 9week, split-udder, noninferiority study was conducted on 111 lactating Holstein dairy cows at the University of Kentucky Coldstream Research Dairy. The treatment (left side) and control (right side) were applied using a non-return dip cup. Teats were scored once a week, in accordance with National Mastitis Council guidelines, for 9weeks on a 1 (desirable) to 3 (undesirable) scale for teat skin chapping, teat skin dryness, and teat skin color. A 1 (desirable) to 4 (undesirable) scale was used for teat end condition. Data analyses were conducted with SAS Version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The FREQ procedure generated frequency distributions and the MIXED procedure generated a mixed linear model evaluating the effect of teat, week, and their interaction on teat end condition, teat skin color, teat skin chapping, and teat skin dryness. Teat skin chapping and teat skin color remained at a score of 1 throughout all 9weeks of the study and were not analyzed further. For teat end condition, no significant differences in scores between treatment and control teats were observed. For teat dryness, scores for treatment front teats were significantly greater than control front teats (1.10±0.01 vs. 1.06±0.01; P≤0.001). Temporary increases in dryness scores during study weeks 4, 5, 6, and 9 (P≤0.01) on the treatment side occurred during expected teat exfoliation. Teat skin condition gradually decreased overtime with statistically different scores during weeks 1, 3, 4, 6 (P≤0.01), and 7 (P≤0.012). The scores comparing treatment and control teats are significantly different, but are minimal enough that they do not suggest a biological difference. Results indicate phenoxyethanol may serve as an alternative to iodine-based teat dips, which raise risk of iodine residues in milk

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The use of station and field tests for the improvement of milking performance in dairy cattle. III. Breed differences in the yield of milk and butterfat from the fore and rear quarters of the udder

Hinks

1968

Anim. Sci.

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The analysis was concerned with selective advantage as a possible cause of differences between breeds and individual animals in the relative proportions of milk obtained from the fore and rear quarters of the udder.Danish Jersey cattle were found to yield a significantly higher proportion of milk from the fore quarters than Danish Red and Danish Black Pied cattle (47% ν. 45% and 44% respectively).Very strong genetic relationships between the proportion of milk obtained from the fore quarters and lactation yields of milk and butterfat (rg = 0·92, 0·85) in the Jerseys, and correspondingly weak genetic relationships in the other two breeds, suggest that breed differences have arisen as a result of selection for productive performance operative upon different genetic relationships between production and the process controlling the partition of milk in the udder. It is suggested that differences between the breeds are likely to increase in the future.

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Heritability of the Udder Proportions in Dairy Cows

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The Many Axes of Deer Lactation

The Many Axes of Deer Lactation

Evaluating Teat Skin Condition in Response to Phenoxyethanol as a Post-Milking Teat Disinfectant on Lactating Dairy Cows

The use of station and field tests for the improvement of milking performance in dairy cattle. III. Breed differences in the yield of milk and butterfat from the fore and rear quarters of the udder

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