“Heroes” and “Villains” of World History across Cultures

Hanke, Katja; Liu, James H.; Sibley, Chris G.; Páez, Darío; Gaines, Stanley O.; Moloney, Gail; Leong, Chan‐Hoong; Wagner, Wolfgang; Licata, Laurent; Klein, Olivier; Garber, Ilya; Böhm, Gisela; Hilton, Denis; Valchev, Velichko H.; Khan, Sammyh S.; Cabecinhas, Rosa

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115641

Cited by 44 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies (e.g., Hanke et al, 2015) have argued that historical figures can embody values, inspiring actions. Therefore, in their research about "heroes" and "villains" of world history across different countries, Hanke and colleagues (2015) argue that these historical figures can help us understand "the values and achievements that humanity aspires to and humanity, as a whole, rejects" (p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social representations of Latin American history and (post)colonial relations in Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Brasil

Cabecinhas

2018

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social representations of history play an important role in defining the identity of national and supranational groups such as Latin America, and also influencing present-day intergroup relations. In this paper, we discuss a study that aimed to analyse and compare social representations of Latin American history among Brazilian, Chilean, and Mexican participants. We conducted a survey with 213 university students, aged 18 to 35 years old, from these three countries, through an online questionnaire with open-ended questions about important events and people in the region's history. Despite the reference to different historical events and the existence of national specificities, several common topics were noteworthy across the three samples. There was a centrality of events involving political issues, conflicts and revolutions, as well as a recency effect and a sociocentric bias, replicating previous research about social representations of world history in different countries. There was also a strong prominence of colonization and independence issues in all samples. Through an emphasis on a common narrative of struggle and overcoming difficulties, the participants' social representations of Latin American history may favour mobilization and resistance, challenging the stability and legitimacy of the existing social order. Furthermore, the findings are discussed in terms of their potential connections with present-day intergroup relations within Latin America, and between Latin America and other parts of the world.Keywords: Latin America, social representations of history, intergroup relations, social identity, (post)colonialism ResumoAs representações sociais da história desempenham um papel importante na definição de identidades sociais de distintos grupos nacionais e supranacionais, ao mesmo tempo em que influenciam relações intergrupais. Neste artigo, discutimos dados de um estudo que visou analisar e comparar as representações sociais da história da América Latina entre participantes brasileiros, chilenos e mexicanos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com 213 estudantes universitários destes três países (18 a 35 anos de idade), através de um questionário online com perguntas abertas sobre acontecimentos e pessoas importantes na história da região. Apesar da existência de especificidades nacionais na nomeação de eventos históricos, destacaram-se vários tópicos comuns nos três países. Verificou-se uma centralidade de eventos envolvendo questões políticas, conflitos e revoluções, além de um efeito de recência e também de sociocentrismo, replicando pesquisas anteriores sobre representações sociais da história mundial em diferentes países. Os resultados também mostram uma forte proeminência de questões relativas à colonização e independência destes países. Através da ênfase em uma narrativa comum de luta e superação de dificuldades, as representações sociais dos participantes sobre a história latino-americana poderão favorecer a mobilização coletiva e a resistência, desafiando a estabilidade e a legitimidade da o...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social representations of Latin American history and (post)colonial relations in Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Brasil

Cabecinhas

2018

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hitler as a negative figure) was highlighted (e.g. Liu et al, ; Hanke et al, ). The study by Pennebaker, Páez, and Deschamps () further confirmed these results, but it also showed that every culture and every country have their own emphases and viewpoints on history.…”

Section: Collective Memory and Social Representations Of Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualized Collective Memories: Social Representations of History in Images Found in Finnish History Textbooks

Hakoköngäs

Sakki

2016

Community & Applied Soc Psy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study focuses on visual collective memory, a topic that has long been neglected in the social sciences and particularly in social psychological research on social representations of history. It explores the contents and meanings of images in the construction of Finnish national history. Through examination of official history writing, a better understanding is sought of how collective memory is constructed as part of history politics. The data for the present study consist of images (N = 541) included in recent textbooks on Finnish history. Barthes' three‐meaning approach is used in combination with qualitative content analysis to examine a large corpus of images. The visualized collective memory is approached from five perspectives: (i) the years of memory; (ii) the places of memory; (iii) the themes of memory; (iv) the main actors and (v) the silence of memory. The investigation shows that, in official discourse, politics, culture and war are the main contents of Finnish visual collective memory. The key actors in the narrative are politicians, especially the eighth president of Finland, Urho Kekkonen. The most important moments in time are situated in the war years 1918 and 1939, while the geographical focus is the central square in the capital, Helsinki. The result is a national history that is positive, homogeneous and exclusive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

“…Following Hanke et al. (), we generated the prevalence of trust profiles for each of the three democratic East Asian societies based on the latent profile solution of the Democratic East Asian model, and then compared these with the proportion of trust profiles generated by the latent profile solution of the China model. Although these two profile solutions had some unique features (i.e., factor structure and relative level of factor scores), we believed that a practical cross‐cultural comparison could be made because the nominal categories of high, moderate‐to‐high, low‐to‐moderate, and low trusting people can be interpreted meaningfully in both situations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of trust as a reflection of culture and institutional power structure: Evidence from four East Asian societies

Zhang

Liu

Milojev

et al. 2018

Asian J of Social Psycho

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using the Global Trust Inventory, an integrated measure of trust toward 21 relationships and institutions, the structure of trust was explored in four East Asian societies (Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The Western model, in which trust is distributed among seven factors representing different branches of society, did not generalize to these East Asian societies, perhaps due to differences in culture and institutional power structures. Instead, two unique structures of trust were identified. Mainland China had a top-down structure of trust (the China model), in which trust is hierarchically separated between the central government and subordinate implementing bodies. The other three democratic East Asian societies shared a hybrid structure of trust (the Democratic East Asian model) that has a degree of similarity to both the China model and the Western model. Having established two similar, but still distinct models, a crosscultural comparison was made on the proportions of trust profiles generated by latent profile analysis. Mainland China had the largest proportion of people with a high propensity to trust, followed by Japan and South Korea, and Taiwan was the least trusting. Implications of the structure of trust and this alternative approach to conducting cross-cultural comparisons are discussed.

show abstract

“Heroes” and “Villains” of World History across Cultures

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Social representations of Latin American history and (post)colonial relations in Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Social representations of Latin American history and (post)colonial relations in Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Visualized Collective Memories: Social Representations of History in Images Found in Finnish History Textbooks

The structure of trust as a reflection of culture and institutional power structure: Evidence from four East Asian societies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About