Hertel Exophthalmometry without Orbital Rim Contact

Exophthalmometric Values in a Normal Turkish Population Living in the Northeastern Part of Turkey

“…The important limitations in measuring exophthalmos via devices are orbital asymmetries, differences in the depth of soft tissue in the orbital cavities, and inappropriate placement of the legs of the device (8). An intact lateral rim is needed for appropriate fixation.…”

Reliability of exophthalmos measurement and the exophthalmometry value distribution in a healthy Dutch population and in Graves' patients. An exploratory study

“…An intact lateral orbital rim was one of our inclusion criteria, the inherent unreliability of using a Hertel meter after lateral orbitotomy being generally recognized. 3 The measurements were taken by the two observers with a time-interval of no more than 15 minutes, the patient in an upright position and the head in the primary position. Before the study started, the resident had been trained in exophthalmometry by the oculoplastic surgeon for three months.…”

“…The Hertel exophthalmometer is the most widely used instrument to measure exophthalmos. [1][2][3][4] Both eyes are measured simultaneously with a system of mirrors and a superimposed millimeter scale. Clinically, both comparative and relative exophthalmometry are the measurements most commonly used.…”

Relative en- and exophthalmometry in zygomatic fractures comparing optical non-contact, non-ionizing 3D imaging to the Hertel instrument and computed tomography

“…The measurement of proptosis is not an exact science, but is subject to clinical compromise. A review of the relevant literature has been given elsewhere (Kratky and Hurwitz, 1994). In clinical practice, relative exophthalmometry to assess asymmetry of protrusion between the two eyes of the same person is the most important measurement.…”