The literature data and the results of our own investigations on the comparative study of the biological activity of isostructural organogermanium and organosilicon compounds have been summarized. It has been shown that the series of organogermanium and organosilicon compounds is more active than the carbon analogues, the majority of organogermanium compounds are less toxic than the sila analogues, the biological activity of the compounds under study appears to be similar but can dramatically differ in the degree of activity, and, moreover, in some particular cases sila and germa analogues exhibit the opposite biological effects.