Heteroatomic Components of Petroleum

Isolation of Sulfides from Petroleum for Molecular Characterization by Alumina and Silica Gel Adsorption

“…Alumina and silica gel are commonly used adsorption materials in the separation of petroleum components. − The adsorption of the alumina is mainly controlled by the electron absorption ability of metal aluminum ions; therefore, it has stronger adsorption ability to molecules with a higher electron cloud density in petroleum . Among the various components in petroleum, aromatic hydrocarbons contain benzene rings and thiophenes and nitrogen compounds have thiophene rings and pyridine or pyrrole structures with conjugated double bonds . In comparison to these components, sulfides and saturated hydrocarbons do not always have conjugated double bonds and/or benzene rings .…”

“…41 Among the various components in petroleum, aromatic hydrocarbons contain benzene rings and thiophenes and nitrogen compounds have thiophene rings and pyridine or pyrrole structures with conjugated double bonds. 2 In comparison to these components, sulfides and saturated hydrocarbons do not always have conjugated double bonds and/or benzene rings. 36 Thus, the electron cloud density of sulfides and saturated hydrocarbons is lower than that of other components in petroleum.…”

“…Sulfide (also called sulfur ether or thioether) is generally one of the major organic sulfur compounds in petroleum fractions, , which has been a concern in the past few decades for its important geochemical information, − desulfurization problems, and environmental issues . In comparison to thiophenes, molecular composition of sulfides was not well-characterized, because it is not easy to separate sulfides from the complex petroleum matrix. , …”

Oxidative Methods of Desulfurization Of Diesel Fuels: Results, Problems, Perspective

“…The oxidative system of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, along with formic acid, is also successfully used in oxidative desulfurization. This system was first proposed by national researchers for the selective oxidation of oil sulphides to sulfoxides in 1976 [49].…”

“…In research work [50], phosphorotungstic acid was used as an oxidation catalyst in a two-phase light gas oil / H2O2 / formic acid system. It was shown in the work [49] that the use of an excess of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of phosphoromolybdic acid during the process of desulfurization of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 342 ppm results in 100% desulfurization in 3 hours at 60 ° C.…”