The article reveals the importance of the role of diesel fuel (DF) in Russian economy. In this regard, the quality of diesel fuel should meet European standards, according to which especially high requirements are imposed on the content of organic sulfur compounds in diesel fuel. It is shown that the intensification of the requirements for sulfur content in diesel fuel stimulates the search for new ways to clean it of sulfur compounds and improve the existing technologies of desulfurization processes. This article provides a brief overview of the methods for the desulfurization of diesel fuel. It is shown that one of the important methods for the improvement of the quality of diesel fuel is oxidative desulfurization. Due consideration is given to the various oxidative systems, catalysts and extraction agents used in oxidative desulfurization.
В данном обзоре приведены основные способы модификации нефтяных битумов различными добавками. Установлено, что компаундирование и введение добавок это универсальный способ регулирования свойств нефтяных битумов и получения полимерно-битумных вяжущих. В обзоре проанализированы различные способы модифицирования нефтяного битума, дана классификация модифицирующих полимерных добавок. Показано преимущество асфальтобетонов на модифицированных полимерами битумах по сравнению с обычными асфальтобетонами в отношении: прочности и, в частности, сдвигоустойчивости температуры хрупкости и трещиностойкости (при соответствующем содержании полимера) устойчивости в водной среде и, в конечном итоге, долговечности асфальтополимербетонных покрытий.
This review presents the main methods of modification of petroleum bitumen with various additives. It is established that compounding and introduction of additives is a universal way of regulating the properties of petroleum bitumen and obtaining polymer-bitumen binders. The review analyzes various methods of modifying petroleum bitumen, the classification of modifying polymer additives. The advantage of asphalt to polymer-modified bitumens compared to ordinary asphalt concrete in terms of: strength and, in particular, the shear resistance brittle fracture temperature and fracture toughness (with a corresponding content of the polymer) resistance in the aquatic environment and, ultimately, longevity asfaltobetonnyh coatings.
Приведены основные процессы нефтепереработки и показано их деление на группы по основныым функциям, выполняемым в схеме НПЗ. Приводится краткая хар атктеристика базовых процессов нефтепереработки, показана их роль и значение в схеме переработки нефти и в производстве моторных топлив, установлено их влияние на экологию. Более подробно рассмотрен процесс Клауса, приведен краткий обзор его становления и развития, установлено значение открытия процесса и его автора для мировой нефтепереработки и в решение эколических проблем утилизации сероводорода.
The effect of surfactants - depressants (paraflow, santopur, polyalkylmethacrylate, oxidized petrolatum) on the temperaturesof dissolution, crystallization and solidification of solutions of petroleum and synthetic paraffins in hydrocarbon solvents of various compositions and viscosity was studied. It has been shown that the activity of the depressant should be evaluated by the content of paraffins, the development of the dispersed structure of which it prevents in a given solvent. The phenomenon of hysteresisof the temperatures of the onset of crystallization and dissolution of paraffin in solvents with the addition of a depressant has been established. Paraflow is not a micelle-forming surfactant, but forms molecular complexes with n-paraffin.
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