Heterogeneity in choices on Iowa Gambling Task: preference for infrequent–high magnitude punishment

Singh, Varsha; Khan, Azizuddin

doi:10.1007/s11299-008-0050-1

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the IGT, individuals experience rewards and punishments for selecting cards from decks that provide either high immediate rewards and larger punishments or smaller immediate rewards and smaller punishments. Advantageous decision making relies on shifting choices away from disadvantageous card decks toward advantageous card decks (41). We found that the low-normal TSH group initially made poor decisions compared to the high-normal TSH group (Net-1), but then the low-normal TSH group outperformed the high-normal TSH group with larger gains across subsequent trials.…”

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confidence: 73%

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Effect of Thyroid Function Variations Within the Laboratory Reference Range on Health Status, Mood, and Cognition in Levothyroxine-Treated Subjects

Samuels

Kolobova

Smeraglio

et al. 2016

Thyroid

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Background: There has been recent debate within the thyroid field regarding whether current upper limits of the thyrotropin (TSH) reference range should be lowered. This debate can be better informed by investigation of whether variations in thyroid function within the reference range have clinical effects. One important target organ for thyroid hormone is the brain, but little is known about variations in neurocognitive measures within the reference range for thyroid function.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 132 otherwise healthy hypothyroid subjects receiving chronic replacement therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) who had TSH levels across the full span of the laboratory reference range (0.34-5.6 mU/L). Subjects underwent detailed tests of health status, mood, and cognitive function, with an emphasis on memory and executive functions. Results: Subjects with low-normal (£2.5 mU/L) and high-normal (>2.5 mU/L) TSH levels did not differ on most tests of health status, mood, or cognitive function, and there were no correlations between TSH, free T4, or free T3 levels and most outcomes. There was, however, a suggestion that thyroid function affected performance on the Iowa Gambling Task, which mimics real life decision-making. Subjects with low-normal TSH levels made more advantageous decisions than those with high-normal TSH levels. Conclusions: Variations in thyroid function within the laboratory reference range do not appear to have clinically relevant effects on health status, mood, or memory in LT4 treated subjects. However, decision making, which encompasses many executive functions, may be affected. Unless further studies strengthen this finding, these data do not support narrowing the TSH reference range.

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confidence: 73%

“…A net score of zero is chance performance. This task assesses real-life decision making and responses to rewards and punishments (41). D. Working memory tests.…”

Section: Tests Of Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thyroid Function Variations Within the Laboratory Reference Range on Health Status, Mood, and Cognition in Levothyroxine-Treated Subjects

Samuels

Kolobova

Smeraglio

et al. 2016

Thyroid

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“…Também nesse sentido, Caroselli et al (2006) verificam que o poder atrativo de um baralho depende da frequência prévia de reforço e não da magnitude da recompensa. Em conclusão, a frequência é uma dimensão dominante no IGT, sendo por isso recomendada a sua análise (Huizenga et al, 2007;Singh & Khan, 2009;Schneider & Parente, 2006;Wagner & Parente, 2009).…”

Section: Avaliação De Desempenho No Igtunclassified

O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

Areias

Paixão

Figueira

2013

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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RESUMO -O Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) é uma tarefa amplamente utilizada na avaliação da capacidade de tomada de decisão. Neste artigo, procede-se à revisão da literatura, comparando-se as versões do IGT, as diferentes medidas de avaliação do desempenho e as alterações introduzidas nos procedimentos, nomeadamente no feedback, na aleatorização espacial dos baralhos, no número de ensaios e de cartas por baralho, nas instruções, na remuneração e na manipulação das recompensas e punições. Desta análise, conclui-se que as diversas versões da tarefa, as alterações nos procedimentos de aplicação e as diferentes medidas utilizadas na avaliação têm impacto no desempenho, prejudicam a comparação entre estudos e as generalizações dos resultados. Finalmente, apresentam-se sugestões para uma maior adequação dos procedimentos. Palavras-chave: Iowa Gambling Task, tomada de decisão, feedback, recompensas, puniçõesThe Iowa Gambling Task: A Critical Revision ABSTRACT -The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used task in the assessment of the decision-making ability. In this article, we conduct a literature review by comparing IGT versions, different performance assessment measures, and changes to procedures including feedback, spatial randomization of decks, number of trials, number of cards per deck, instructions, payment, and rewards and punishments. On basis of this analysis, we conclude that different versions of the task, changes in application procedures and different measures used to assess the task have an impact on performance, thereby affecting comparison among studies and generalization of results. Finally, we offer suggestions to define adequate procedures.

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“…Could the conceptualization of risk and rationality advanced by the SMH–IGT framework—that is, risk as an intertemporal choice and rationality as making long term advantageous decisions—be a reflection of the environment where the task was developed and the cognitive demands of that environment? Decision making in the IGT is observed to be governed by frequency of reinforcement rather than the intertemporal attribute in several cultural contexts including Taiwan (Chiu and Lin, 2007; Lin et al, 2007; Chiu et al, 2008), Iran (Ekhtiari et al, 2009), Brazil (Schneider et al, 2010), and India (Singh and Khan, 2008). Future studies could utilize the IGT to understand cultural variations in risk perception and risk taking at the behavioral as well as the neural level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This preference is incompatible with the SMH–IGT framework as demonstrated, for example, by the finding that deck B′ was considered “risky” on the basis of the intertemporal attribute and is preferred to other “safe” decks (Lin et al, 2007), whereas deck C′ that was considered “safe” is avoided by healthy participants (Chiu and Lin, 2007). Furthermore, dispositional risk seekers who were assessed using a modified risk-taking scale (Domain-Specific Risk-Taking; Weber et al, 2002) preferred decks A′ and C′ and avoided decks B′ and D′ (Singh and Khan, 2008). Together, these findings suggest that, in the IGT, risk might be perceived in two ways, either by the intertemporal attribute or by frequency of reward and punishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual conception of risk in the Iowa Gambling Task: effects of sleep deprivation and test-retest gap

Singh

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Risk in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is often understood in terms of intertemporal choices, i.e., preference for immediate outcomes in favor of delayed outcomes is considered risky decision making. According to behavioral economics, healthy decision makers are expected to refrain from choosing the short-sighted immediate gain because, over time (10 trials of the IGT), the immediate gains result in a long term loss (net loss). Instead decision makers are expected to maximize their gains by choosing options that, over time (10 trials), result in delayed or long term gains (net gain). However, task choices are sometimes made on the basis of the frequency of reward and punishment such that frequent rewards/infrequent punishments are favored over infrequent rewards/frequent punishments. The presence of these two attributes (intertemporality and frequency of reward) in IGT decision making may correspond to the emotion-cognition dichotomy and reflect a dual conception of risk. Decision making on the basis of the two attributes was tested under two conditions: delay in retest and sleep deprivation. An interaction between sleep deprivation and time delay was expected to attenuate the difference between the two attributes. Participants were 40 male university students. Analysis of the effects of IGT attribute type (intertemporal vs. frequency of reinforcement), sleep deprivation (sleep deprivation vs. no sleep deprivation), and test-retest gap (short vs. long delay) showed a significant within-subjects effect of IGT attribute type thus confirming the difference between the two attributes. Sleep deprivation had no effect on the attributes, but test-retest gap and the three-way interaction between attribute type, test-retest gap, and sleep deprivation were significantly different. Post-hoc tests revealed that sleep deprivation and short test-retest gap attenuated the difference between the two attributes. Furthermore, the results showed an expected trend of increase in intertemporal decision making at retest suggesting that intertemporal decision making benefited from repeated task exposure. The present findings add to understanding of the emotion-cognition dichotomy. Further, they show an important time-dependent effect of a universally experienced constraint (sleep deprivation) on decision making. It is concluded that risky decision making in the IGT is contingent on the attribute under consideration and is affected by factors such as time elapsed and constraint experienced before the retest.

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Heterogeneity in choices on Iowa Gambling Task: preference for infrequent–high magnitude punishment

Abstract: Decision-making, Individual differences, Information processing, Iowa Gambling Task, Reward-punishment,

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Thyroid Function Variations Within the Laboratory Reference Range on Health Status, Mood, and Cognition in Levothyroxine-Treated Subjects

Effect of Thyroid Function Variations Within the Laboratory Reference Range on Health Status, Mood, and Cognition in Levothyroxine-Treated Subjects

O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

Dual conception of risk in the Iowa Gambling Task: effects of sleep deprivation and test-retest gap

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