Heterogeneity in Individual Quality and Reproductive Trade-Offs Within Species

Lim, Jiahui Nat; Senior, Alistair M.; Nakagawa, Shinichi

doi:10.1111/evo.12446

Cited by 62 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…First, the maternal-size correlation appears to be observed in nearly all plant and animal taxa (Roff, 2002;Lim et al, 2014). First, the maternal-size correlation appears to be observed in nearly all plant and animal taxa (Roff, 2002;Lim et al, 2014).…”

Section: In Pursuit Of a Unifying Explanationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This situation might arise, for example, when offspring are produced in batches. This general idea is conceptually attractive in the context of the maternal-size correlation, primarily because the likelihood of sibling interactions increases with N , and maternal size often has a positive influence on N (Lim et al, 2014), such that a correlation between maternal size and I * is easy to envision. The four models reviewed in this section McGinley, 1989;Hendry et al, 2001;Kindsvater et al, 2010) adopt this approach and assume that sibling interactions result in a non-linear relationship between N and parental fitness (W ), which results in a positive correlation between I* and N ( Fig.…”

Section: Maternal Size Affects the Relationship Between I And Offmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though Pearson's r values are already known to be similar across taxa (Lim et al, 2014), a phylogenetic analysis of the average change in I with a change in maternal size could reveal different types of associations in different taxa or environments. Even though Pearson's r values are already known to be similar across taxa (Lim et al, 2014), a phylogenetic analysis of the average change in I with a change in maternal size could reveal different types of associations in different taxa or environments.…”

Section: (2) Avenues Of Future Inquirymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Lim, Senior & Nakagawa (2014) review the strength of the maternal-size correlation (Pearson's r) for 231 animal species. For instance, Lim, Senior & Nakagawa (2014) review the strength of the maternal-size correlation (Pearson's r) for 231 animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life‐history puzzle

Rollinson

Rowe

2015

Biological Reviews

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The evolution of investment per offspring (I) is often viewed through the lens of the classic theory, in which variation among individuals in a population is not expected. A substantial departure from this prediction arises in the form of correlations between maternal body size and I, which are observed within populations in virtually all taxonomic groups. Based on the generality of this observation, we suggest it is caused by a common underlying mechanism. We pursue a unifying explanation for this pattern by reviewing all theoretical models that attempt to explain it. We assess the generality of the mechanism upon which each model is based, and the extent to which data support its predictions. Two classes of adaptive models are identified: models that assume that the correlation arises from maternal influences on the relationship between I and offspring fitness [w(I)], and those that assume that maternal size influences the relationship between I and maternal fitness [W(I)]. The weight of evidence suggests that maternal influences on w(I) are probably not very general, and even for taxa where maternal influences on w(I) are likely, experiments fail to support model predictions. Models that assume that W(I) varies with maternal size appear to offer more generality, but the current challenge is to identify a specific and general mechanism upon which W(I) varies predictably with maternal size. Recent theory suggests the exciting possibility that a yet unknown mechanism modifies the offspring size-number trade-off function in a manner that is predictable with respect to maternal size, such that W(I) varies with size. We identify two promising avenues of inquiry. First, the trade-off might be modified by energetic costs that are associated with the initiation of reproduction ('overhead costs') and that scale with I, and future work could investigate what specific overhead costs are generally associated with reproduction and whether these costs scale with I. Second, the trade-off might be modified by virtue of condition-dependent offspring provisioning coupled with metabolic factors, and future work could investigate the proximate cause of, and generality of, condition-dependent offspring provisioning. Finally, drawing on the existing literature, we suggest that maternal size per se is not causatively related to variation in I, and the mechanism involved in the correlation is instead linked to maternal nutritional status or maternal condition, which is usually correlated with maternal size. Using manipulative experiments to elucidate why females with high nutritional status typically produce large offspring might help explain what specific mechanism underlies the maternal-size correlation.

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Section: In Pursuit Of a Unifying Explanationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Maternal Size Affects the Relationship Between I And Offmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (2) Avenues Of Future Inquirymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life‐history puzzle

Rollinson

Rowe

2015

Biological Reviews

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“…[47]). Age at first reproduction was the most commonly used metric to describe allocation to reproduction early in life (table 1).…”

Section: (B) Early-life Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-late life trade-offs and the evolution of ageing in the wild

et al. 2015

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Empirical evidence for declines in fitness components (survival and reproductive performance) with age has recently accumulated in wild populations, highlighting that the process of senescence is nearly ubiquitous in the living world. Senescence patterns are highly variable among species and current evolutionary theories of ageing propose that such variation can be accounted for by differences in allocation to growth and reproduction during early life. Here, we compiled 26 studies of free-ranging vertebrate populations that explicitly tested for a trade-off between performance in early and late life. Our review brings overall support for the presence of early-late life trade-offs, suggesting that the limitation of available resources leads individuals to trade somatic maintenance later in life for high allocation to reproduction early in life. We discuss our results in the light of two closely related theories of ageing-the disposable soma and the antagonistic pleiotropy theories-and propose that the principle of energy allocation roots the ageing process in the evolution of life-history strategies. Finally, we outline research topics that should be investigated in future studies, including the importance of natal environmental conditions in the study of trade-offs between early-and late-life performance and the evolution of sex-differences in ageing patterns.

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Maternal effects on offspring size and number in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki

Vega‐Trejo

Head

Jennions

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Given a trade-off between offspring size and number, all mothers are predicted to produce the same optimal-sized offspring in a given environment. In many species, however, larger and/or older mothers produce bigger offspring. There are several hypotheses to explain this but they lack strong empirical support. In organisms with indeterminate growth, there is the additional problem that maternal size and age are positively correlated, so what are their relative roles in determining offspring size? To investigate this, we measured the natural relationship between maternal and offspring size in a wild population of Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish), and experimentally disentangled the effects of maternal age and size on offspring size in the laboratory. In combination, our data indicate that the relationship between maternal and offspring size is nonlinear. Small mothers seem to produce larger than average offspring due to integer effects associated with very small broods. For extremely large mothers, which were only sampled in our wild data, these larger than average offspring may result from greater maternal resources or age effects. However, maternal age had no effect on offspring size or number in the laboratory experiment. Our results highlight the importance of sampling the full size–range of mothers when investigating maternal effects on offspring size. They also point to the difficulty of experimentally manipulating maternal size, because any change in size is invariably associated with a change in at least one factor affecting growth (be it temperature, food availability, or density) that might also have an indirect effect on offspring size.

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Heterogeneity in Individual Quality and Reproductive Trade-Offs Within Species

Cited by 62 publications

References 64 publications

The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life‐history puzzle

The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life‐history puzzle

Early-late life trade-offs and the evolution of ageing in the wild

Maternal effects on offspring size and number in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki

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